CAROLINA PEDROSA GOMES DE MELOHaddad, Juliana Raineri2026-04-082026https://repositorio.insper.edu.br/handle/11224/8304This article examines how criminal governance is associated with human development outcomes in Brazil. We construct a municipality–by-year panel, spanning from 2010 to 2019, that includes health, education, safety, and income indicators, in addition to a criminal concentration index based on Google Trends data, validated by previous research. The results reveal that moving toward criminal hegemony is associated with improvements in social development outcomes – even after controlling for both municipality and time fixed effects –, with a higher intensity for Brazilian municipalities that share a border with other South American countries. The findings highlight the relevance of territorial configurations of criminal governance for understanding development dynamics in contexts of constrained state authority.Digital61 p.InglêsCriminal GovernanceOrganized Crime GroupsCrime ConcentrationHuman Developmentmaster thesis