BRUNO VARELLA MIRANDA
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Artigo Científico Voting with the wallet: a principal-agent framework for the analysis of sustainable supply chains(2024) BRUNO VARELLA MIRANDA; GUILHERME FOWLER DE AVILA MONTEIRO; Oliveira, Gustavo Magalhães de; VINICIUS PICANÇO RODRIGUESPurpose – This paper aims to investigate delegation decisions in supply chains, exploring the metaphor that consumers who make environmentally and socially responsible choices are equivalent to voters in an election. Design/methodology/approach – This theoretical paper relies on the principles of agency theory to shed light on fundamental challenges that shape our ability to transform supply chains. Findings – This paper unravels two puzzles linked to delegation decisions within sustainable supply chains. It shows that as firms adopt sustainable production systems, their ability to convey relevant information that convinces consumers to enter in a delegation relationship diminishes, ceteris paribus; and once a delegation relationship is established, complementarity within the dimensions of the contract is necessary to guarantee the delivery of sustainability attributes. Research limitations/implications – The findings of this paper offer insights that can inspire empirical research on sustainable supply chain management. Practical implications – Policymakers and entrepreneurs willing to incentivize the transformation of supply chains must think about the nature of the relationship between firms and consumers. This paper provides a metaphor that can help practitioners to reinterpret their role as providers or consumers of products and services with sustainability attributes. Social implications – This paper provides insights that may enhance the understanding of how individual consumption decisions may contribute to transforming supply chains. Originality/value – This paper expands the repertoire of theoretical tools that can be applied to study the emergence and resilience of sustainable supply chains.- Opening the “black box” of food safety policy implementation: the efficiency-enhancing role of a private meso-institution(2023) Oliveira, Gustavo Magalhães de; BRUNO VARELLA MIRANDA; Saes, Maria Sylvia Macchione; Martino, GaetanoThere is continuing interest in how rules created at the “institutional environment” level influence the perfor mance of food safety policies. The influence of institutional rules on the behavior of farms and firms may vary widely depending on how strongly incentives reach potential users. This article assesses how the creation of a private meso-institution (i.e., Conseleite) affects the implementation of food safety guidelines in the Brazilian dairy industry. We use a dataset that has laboratory analyses of milk from 18 out of the 27 Brazilian states over a period that goes from 2006 to 2014. We show that the creation of Conseleite has led to an increased effectiveness of implementation of the Normative Instruction 51, which sets indicators and basic parameters of milk quality in Brazil. Specifically, the creation of Conseleite in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul led to a decrease in the low-quality index related to the bacterial contamination of milk. In turn, we find that Conseleite played a limited role in raising the values of the high-quality milk index. Our conclusions highlight the fundamental role of meso institutions in bridging the gap between the “institutional environment” level and the “governance” level. This study sheds light on a potential policy implementation path for other developing and emerging countries in the dairy industry, which is marked by frequent food safety scandals.
Artigo Científico How do transaction costs, capabilities and networks influence the procurement strategies of small agri-food firms? Evidence from the wine industry(2022) BRUNO VARELLA MIRANDA; Ross, Brent; Franken, Jason; Gómez, MiguelPurpose – The purpose of this study is to disentangle the drivers of adoption of procurement strategies in situations where small agri-food firms deal with constrained organizational choices. More specifically, the authors investigate the role of transaction costs, capabilities and networks in the definition of feasible “make or-buy” choices in emerging wine regions. Design/methodology/approach – This article analyzes a unique dataset of small wineries from five US states: Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, New York and Vermont. The reported results derive from both a hurdle model (i.e. a probit model and a truncated regression model) and a tobit model. Findings – The results suggest the importance of trust as a replacement for formal governance structures whenever small firms deal with highly constrained sets of organizational choices. On the other hand, the level of dependence on a limited mix of winegrape varieties and the perception that these varieties are fundamental in building legitimacy help to explain higher rates of vertical integration. Originality/value – This study is important because it sheds light on organizational constraints that affect millions of farmers across the globe. The study of “make-or-buy” decisions in agri-food supply chains has mostly relied on the implicit assumption that all organizational choices are available to every firm. Nevertheless, limited capabilities and the participation in low-density networks may constrain the ability of a firm to adopt a governance mechanism. Stated organizational preferences and actual organizational choices may thus differ.- Assessing the performance of voluntary environmental agreements under high monitoring costs: Evidence from the Brazilian Amazon(2023) BRUNO VARELLA MIRANDA; Oliveira, Gustavo Magalhães deVoluntary environmental arrangements generally coexist with State-based and private rules, creating a property rights system that legitimizes certain behaviors. In a world of positive transaction costs, legitimacy ensues from imperfect monitoring activities, opening room for opportunism. In this paper, we discuss how the existence of multiple rules in a scenario of high monitoring costs affects the performance of an environmental policy. We discuss the case of deferred prosecution agreements (TAC, acronym in Portuguese), which are voluntary arrangements designed with the goal of incentivizing slaughterhouses to monitor the environmental practices of ranchers in the Brazilian Amazon. More specifically, we study how the signature of a TAC agreement affects deforestation rates in the Brazilian Amazônia Legal region at the municipality level. This paper adopts a difference-in-differences approach to analyze a sample of Brazilian municipalities between 2006 and 2017. Our results, which remain robust across alternative estimators and subsamples, show that the signature of a TAC agreement increases deforestation rates by 0.2 standard deviations. We argue that the signature of a TAC agreement, by creating an imperfect proxy for “good behavior” that enables both compliant and non-compliant organizations to access credit, may incentivize deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon.
Capítulo de Livro Alternative proteins: organization of the agri-food system and sustainability outcomes(2023) BRUNO VARELLA MIRANDA; VINICIUS PICANÇO RODRIGUESEverybody is talking about alternative proteins. And yet, we do not know much about the socioeconomic implications of the emergence and consolidation of the alternative proteins market. In part, the gap in our knowledge is justifiable: alternative proteins represent a tiny slice of the market, and some of the most expected technological breakthroughs are still to materialize. On the other hand, the mere interest in the alternative proteins industry is a powerful driver of economic, environmental, and social changes which may deeply affect the future of traditional agriculture. Helping to shed light on this emerging industry, we discuss the relationship between the development of an alternative proteins market and sustainability outcomes in the economic, environmental, and social areas. We adopt a governance perspective, discussing first on the relationships among the many players within the alternative proteins agri-food system and then on the interactions in the broader competitive and institutional environment. We are particularly interested in outlining potential friction points and insights for research hypothesesArtigo Científico Plural forms and differentiation strategies in the agri-food sector: Evidence from the U.S. wine industry(2022) BRUNO VARELLA MIRANDA; Ross, Brent; Franken, Jason; Gómez, MiguelThis article investigates how measurement ability, trust, and the pursuit of differentiation strategies influence the adoption of plural forms in an agri-food system. We analyze a unique dataset of 314 winegrape sourcing choices from 74 wineries located in five U.S. states, investigating how the pursuit of differentiation influences the likelihood of adoption of a plural form—that is, the simultaneous adoption of a formal arrangement (i.e., vertical integration or long-term formal contract) and an informal arrangement (i.e., informal contracts or spot-market transactions). Consistent with previous studies, measurement ability and the existence of trust are both associated with a higher likelihood of adoption of informal arrangements in comparison to formal arrangements. Moreover, we show that the likelihood of adoption of a plural form increases as the differentiation potential of a winegrape variety also increases. Finally, we find that the use of plural forms is associated with a reduction in the importance of trust in the relationships with external suppliers. This study is important because it sheds light on the role of plural forms in the pursuit of competitive advantage in an agri-food system. Overall, it suggests that the current interpretations of the idea of “vertical coordination” may be enlarged to encompass a greater deal of organizational diversity.Artigo Científico Disentangling the role of the institutional environment in the ownership competence framework: A comment on Foss et al. (2021)(2023) GUILHERME FOWLER DE AVILA MONTEIRO; BRUNO VARELLA MIRANDAResearch Summary: We extend the ownership com petence framework by discussing how the features of the institutional environment influence the exercise of ownership competence. Two amendments are pro posed. First, we add a new dimension to the frame work, institutional competence (“where to own”), which denotes that individuals and firms have heterogeneous abilities to assess how an institutional environment affects the potential uses of a resource. Second, we argue that institutional uncertainty moderates the three original dimensions of the framework, impairing the exercise of ownership competence of some entrepre neurs and firms more than of others. We use examples from the literature to illustrate our arguments. We also discuss the implications of our analysis. Managerial Summary: The ownership competence framework is built on the idea that business owners have different abilities to deploy resources and create value. Starting from this contribution, we shed light on the specific role that the institutional environment plays in the exercise of ownership competence. We argue that the ownership competence framework must explicitly consider where ownership takes place in order to explain the actions of entrepreneurs and firms. We also claim that institutional uncertainty can influence value creation in more subtle ways than indicated in the original formulation of the ownership competenceframework. All in all, this article paves the way forinstitutional aspects to be considered more explicitly inthe strategic analysis of ownership.Capítulo de Livro Latin America: Public management concepts and developments(2022) MARCELO MARCHESINI DA COSTA; BRUNO VARELLA MIRANDAThe evolution of public administration in Latin America since the early 20th century can be described as successive attempts of modernization and adaptation to new political and socioeconomic circumstances. Much of the push for these reforms has come either from international inspirations – e.g., the “progressive movement” in the United States and the “New Public Management” arrangements – or from episodes of institutional change, which are common in a region marked by successive cycles of democratic, dictatorial, and populist regimes. Yet by the second decade of the 21st century, these multiple waves of transformation have not entirely revamped practices which are deeply embedded in the public administration of Latin American countries, such as patrimonialism, the existence of a bureaucratic culture that inhibits innovation at the public management level, and the high level of centralization in the decision-making process.