Navegando por Autor "Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento"
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Artigo Científico All-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality and wildfire-related ozone: a multicountry two-stage time series analysis(2024) Chen, Gongbo; Guo, Yuming; Yue, Xu; Xu, Rongbin; Yu, Wenhua; Ye, Tingting; Tong, Shilu; Gasparrini, Antonio; Bell, Michelle L; Armstrong, Ben; Schwartz, Joel; Jaakkola , Jouni J K; Lavigne , Eric; Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; Kan, Haidong; Royé, Dominic; Urban, Aleš; Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Maria; Tobias, Aurelio; Forsberg, Bertil; Sera, Francesco; Lei, Yadong; Abramson, Michael J; Li, ShanshanArtigo Científico Ambient PM2.5 and productivity-adjusted life years lost in Brazil: a national population-based study(2024) Wen, Bo; Ademi, Zanfina; Wu, Yao; Xu, Rongbin; Yu, Pei; Ye, Tingting; Coêlho, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio; Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; Guo, Yuming; Li, ShanshanEnormous health burden has been associated with air pollution and its effects continue to grow. However, the impact of air pollution on labour productivity at the population level is still unknown. This study assessed the association between premature death due to PM2.5 exposure and the loss of productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs), in Brazil. We applied a novel variant of the difference-in-difference (DID) approach to assess the association. Daily all-cause mortality data in Brazil were collected from 2000–2019. The PALYs lost increased by 5.11% (95% CI: 4.10–6.13%), for every 10 µg/m3 increase in the 2-day moving average of PM2.5. A total of 9,219,995 (95% CI: 7,491,634–10,921,141) PALYs lost and US$ 268.05 (95% CI: 217.82–317.50) billion economic costs were attributed to PM2.5 exposure, corresponding to 7.37% (95% CI: 5.99–8.73%) of the total PALYs lost due to premature death. This study also found that 5,005,306 PALYs could be avoided if the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guideline (AQG) level was met. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that ambient PM2.5 exposure is associated with a considerable labour productivity burden relating to premature death in Brazil, while over half of the burden could be prevented if the WHO AQG was met. The findings highlight the need to reduce ambient PM2.5 levels and provide strong evidence for the development of strategies to mitigate the economic impacts of air pollution.Artigo de Periódico Noticioso Muito além do microscópio(2021) Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; Alvim, Tomas; Gama, RinaldoPara Paulo Saldiva, coordenador do Núcleo de Saúde Urbana do Laboratório Arq.Futuro de Cidades do Insper e professor da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, o saber médico precisa atuar em conjunto com outras áreas do conhecimento se quiser contribuir, de fato, com o bem-estar dos cidadãosArtigo Científico Productivity-adjusted life years lost due to non-optimum temperatures in Brazil: A nationwide time-series study(2023) Wen, Bo Wen; Ademi, Zanfina; Wu, Yao; Xu, Rongbin; Yu, Pei; Ye, Tingting; Coêlho, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio; Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; Guo, Yuming; Li, ShanshanNon-optimal temperatures are associated with premature deaths globally. However, the evidence is limited in low- and middle-income countries, and the productivity losses due to non-optimal temperatures have not been quantified. We aimed to estimate the work-related impacts and economic losses attributable to non-optimal temperatures in Brazil. We collected daily mortality data from 510 immediate regions in Brazil during 2000 and 2019. A two-stage time-series analysis was applied to evaluate the association between non-optimum temperatures and the Productivity-Adjusted Life-Years (PALYs) lost. The temperature-PALYs association was fitted for each location in the first stage and then we applied meta-analyses to obtain the national estimations. The attributable fraction (AF) of PALY lost due to ambient temperatures and the corresponding economic costs were calculated for different subgroups of the working-age population. A total of 3,629,661 of PALYs lost were attributed to non-optimal temperatures during 2000–2019 in Brazil, corresponding to 2.90 % (95 % CI: 1.82 %, 3.95 %) of the total PALYs lost. Non-optimal temperatures have led to US$104.86 billion (95 % CI: 65.95, 142.70) of economic costs related to PALYs lost and the economic burden was more substantial in males and the population aged 15–44 years. Higher risks of extreme cold temperatures were observed in the South region in Brazil while extreme hot temperatures were observed in the Central West and Northeast regions. In conclusion, non-optimal temperatures are associated with considerable labour losses as well as economic costs in Brazil. Tailored policies and adaptation strategies should be proposed to mitigate the impacts of non-optimal temperatures on the labour supply in a changing climate.Artigo Científico Providing support to underprivileged people during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: the role of the Trust Group and women leaders in São Paulo’s favelas(2022) Domingos, Ana Luiza Gomes; Mitkiewicz, Juliana Miranda; Saldiva, Paulo Hilario NascimentoSão Paulo was one of the epicenters of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Amongst underprivileged populations, such as slums residents, the impact of the pandemic was severe. This documentary reports the creation of the Trust Group, made up mostly of women community leaders in São Paulo’s slums, and how their actions inspired public policies in Brazil. Their lessons are examples of governance and solidarity in times of crisis and can serve as models for other cities in Latin America. The documentary describes this history as told by those community leaders. To watch the documentary, kindly visit the following link: https://youtu.be/61elJw0oqCYArtigo Científico When One Health Meets the United Nations Ocean Decade: Global Agendas as a Pathway to Promote Collaborative Interdisciplinary Research on Human-Nature Relationships(2022) Masterson-Algar, Patricia; Jenkins, Stuart R.; Windle, Gill; Morris-Webb, Elisabeth; Takahashi, Camila K.; Burke, Trys; Rosa, Isabel; Martinez, Aline S.; Torres-Mattos, Emanuela B.; Taddei, Renzo; Morrison, Val; Kasten, Paula; Bryning, Lucy; Oliveira, Nara R. Cruz de; Gonçalves, Leandra R.; Skov, Martin W.; Beynon-Davies, Ceri; Bumbeer, Janaina; Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; Leão, Eliseth; Christofoletti, Ronaldo A.Strong evidence shows that exposure and engagement with the natural world not only improve human wellbeing but can also help promote environmentally friendly behaviors. Human-nature relationships are at the heart of global agendas promoted by international organizations including the World Health Organization’s (WHO) “One Health” and the United Nations (UN) “Ocean Decade.” These agendas demand collaborative multisector interdisciplinary efforts at local, national, and global levels. However, while global agendas highlight global goals for a sustainable world, developing science that directly addresses these agendas from design through to delivery and outputs does not come without its challenges. In this article, we present the outcomes of international meetings between researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers from the United Kingdom and Brazil. We propose a model for interdisciplinary work under such global agendas, particularly the interface between One Health and the UN Ocean Decade and identify three priority research areas closely linked to each other: human-nature connection, conservation-human behavior, and implementation strategies (bringing stakeholders together). We also discuss a number of recommendations for moving forwardArtigo Científico Wildfire-related PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality: A difference-in-differences analysis in Brazil(2024) Gao, Yuan; Huang, Wenzhong; Yu, Pei; Xu, Rongbin; Gasevic, Danijela; Yue, Xu; Coêlho, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio; Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; Guo, Yuming; Li, ShanshanBrazil has experienced unprecedented wildfires recently. We aimed to investigate the association of wildfire-related fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with cause-specific cardiovascular mortality, and to estimate the attributable mortality burden. Exposure to wildfire-related PM2.5 was defined as exposure to annual mean wildfire-related PM2.5 concentrations in the 1-year prior to death. The variant difference-in-differences method was employed to explore the wildfire-related PM2.5-cardiovascular mortality association. We found that, in Brazil, compared with the population in the first quartile (Q1: ≤1.82 μg/m3) of wildfire-related PM2.5 exposure, those in the fourth quartile (Q4: 4.22–17.12 μg/m3) of wildfire-related PM2.5 exposure had a 2.2% (RR: 1.022, 95% CI: 1.013–1.032) higher risk for total cardiovascular mortality, 3.1% (RR: 1.031, 95% CI: 1.014–1.048) for ischaemic heart disease mortality, and 2.0% (RR: 1.020, 95% CI: 1.002–1.038) for stroke mortality. From 2010 to 2018, an estimation of 35,847 (95% CI: 22,424–49,177) cardiovascular deaths, representing 17.77 (95% CI: 11.12–24.38) per 100,000 population, were attributable to wildfire-related PM2.5 exposure. Targeted health promotion strategies should be developed for local governments to protect the public from the risk of wildfire-related cardiovascular premature deaths.Artigo Científico Wildfire-sourced fine particulate matter and preterm birth risks in Brazil: A nationwide population-based cohort study(2024) Zhang, Yiwen; Huang, Wenzhong; Xu, Rongbin; Ye, Tingting; Chen, Gongbo; Yue, Xu; Coêl , Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio; Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; Song, Jiangning; Guo, Yuming; Li, ShanshanWildfire-specific particulate matter with diameters ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) is the key component of wildfire smoke, with potentially higher toxicity than PM2.5 from other sources. In this nationwide population-based cohort study, we included 22,163,195 births from Brazil during 2010–2019. Daily wildfire-specific PM2.5 was estimated through the chemical transport model. Time-varying Cox proportional hazards models were used to characterize the exposure-time-response (E-T-R) relationship between weekly wildfire-specific PM2.5 exposure and preterm birth (PTB) risks, followed by subgroup analyses. A 10 µg/m3 increment in wildfire-specific PM2.5 was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.047 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.032–1.063) for PTB. Stronger associations between wildfire-specific PM2.5 and PTB were observed during earlier pregnancy, among female infants, and pregnant women < 18 years old, in ethnic minorities, with a length of education ≥ 11 years, from low-income or high temperature municipalities, and residing in North/Northeast regions. An estimated 1.47 % (95 % CI: 1.01 %–1.94 %) of PTBs were attributable to wildfire-specific PM2.5 in Brazil, increasing from 2010 to 2019. The PTBs attributable to wildfire-specific PM2.5 surpassed those attributed to non-wildfire PM2.5 (0.31 %, 95% CI: 0.09 %–0.57 %). Wildfire emerged as a critical source contributing to the PM2.5-linked PTBs. Prioritized fire management and emission control strategies are warranted for PTB prevention.