Essays on Education and Health Economics
N/D
Autores
Prenhaca, Ivan Goulart
Orientador
Co-orientadores
Citações na Scopus
Tipo de documento
Tese
Data
2024
Resumo
Esta tese investiga os impactos duradouros de choques ambientais e intervenções políticas nos
resultados educacionais e de saúde no Brasil. O Capítulo 1 examina os efeitos de chuvas extremas
nos caminhos educacionais, utilizando dados do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM).
Constatou-se que chuvas que excedem um desvio padrão da média municipal aumentam a taxa
de absenteísmo no exame em 4%, afetando desproporcionalmente estudantes de baixa renda
e reduzindo suas probabilidades de ingresso na faculdade até quatro anos depois. O Capítulo
2 analisa as consequências educacionais da seca prolongada no Nordeste do Brasil, utilizando
dados de satélite para mostrar reduções de 8% no número de professores de escolas públicas
e de 14% no número de professores de escolas primárias nos municípios afetados. As secas
exacerbam disparidades na aprendizagem dos alunos e na progressão de série, especialmente em
áreas com escassez de água. O Capítulo 3 avalia o impacto do aumento de financiamento para
um programa de saúde primária. Utiliza um desenho de descontinuidade de regressão e constata
melhorias iniciais na cobertura do programa e na implementação de equipes de saúde, mas sem
impactos significativos a longo prazo nos resultados de saúde ou nas taxas de mortalidade. No
entanto, o aumento do financiamento impulsionou a aquisição de bens não duráveis de cuidados
primários em 25% nos municípios tratados. Em conjunto, esses capítulos oferecem insights sobre
como choques ambientais e respostas políticas moldam o alcance educacional e os resultados
de saúde pública no Brasil, destacando a interação complexa entre fenômenos naturais, fatores
socioeconômicos e eficácia das políticas.
This thesis investigates the lasting impacts of environmental shocks and policy interventions on education and health outcomes in Brazil. Chapter 1 examines the effects of extreme rainfall on college entrance and educational pathways using data from the National High School Examination (ENEM). It finds that rainfall exceeding one standard deviation from the municipal average increases exam absenteeism by 4%, disproportionately affecting low SES students and reducing their college enrollment probabilities up to four years later. Chapter 2 analyzes the educational consequences of prolonged drought in Northeast Brazil, using satellite data to show reductions in public school teacher numbers by 8% and elementary school teachers by 14% in affected municipalities. Droughts exacerbate disparities in student learning and grade progression, particularly in water-scarce areas. Chapter 3 evaluates the impact of increased funding for a primary care health program. It employs a regression discontinuity design and finds initial improvements in program coverage and health team implementation but no significant long-term impacts on health outcomes or mortality rates. Increased funding did, however, boost non-durable primary care goods procurement by 25% in treated municipalities. Together, these chapters provide insights into how environmental shocks and policy responses shape educational attainment and public health outcomes in Brazil, emphasizing the complex interplay between natural phenomena, socioeconomic factors, and policy effectiveness.
This thesis investigates the lasting impacts of environmental shocks and policy interventions on education and health outcomes in Brazil. Chapter 1 examines the effects of extreme rainfall on college entrance and educational pathways using data from the National High School Examination (ENEM). It finds that rainfall exceeding one standard deviation from the municipal average increases exam absenteeism by 4%, disproportionately affecting low SES students and reducing their college enrollment probabilities up to four years later. Chapter 2 analyzes the educational consequences of prolonged drought in Northeast Brazil, using satellite data to show reductions in public school teacher numbers by 8% and elementary school teachers by 14% in affected municipalities. Droughts exacerbate disparities in student learning and grade progression, particularly in water-scarce areas. Chapter 3 evaluates the impact of increased funding for a primary care health program. It employs a regression discontinuity design and finds initial improvements in program coverage and health team implementation but no significant long-term impacts on health outcomes or mortality rates. Increased funding did, however, boost non-durable primary care goods procurement by 25% in treated municipalities. Together, these chapters provide insights into how environmental shocks and policy responses shape educational attainment and public health outcomes in Brazil, emphasizing the complex interplay between natural phenomena, socioeconomic factors, and policy effectiveness.
Palavras-chave
Choques ambientais; Resultados educacionais; Política de saúde; Brasil; Impactos socioeconômicos; Environmental shocks; Education outcomes; Health policy; Brazil; Socioeconomic impacts
Titulo de periódico
URL da fonte
Título de Livro
URL na Scopus
Idioma
Inglês
Notas
Membros da banca
Área do Conhecimento CNPQ
CIENCIAS HUMANAS::EDUCACAO::ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM::AVALIACAO DA APRENDIZAGEM
CIENCIAS HUMANAS
CIENCIAS HUMANAS