GUILHERME DA FRANCA COUTO FERNANDES DE ALMEIDA

GUILHERME DA FRANCA COUTO FERNANDES DE ALMEIDA

Lattes

ORCID

Scopus

Página do item completo

Resultados da Pesquisa

Agora exibindo 1 - 10 de 17

A dual character theory of law
(2024) GUILHERME DA FRANCA COUTO FERNANDES DE ALMEIDA
One persistent question in jurisprudence relates to the role of morality in the concept of law. For instance, consider the question of whether unjust statutes are laws. Legal positivists say that they’re laws in every relevant sense, while natural lawyers say that they’re not. This article considers a different answer inspired by recent findings in experimental philosophy: there is one relevant sense in which unjust statutes are laws, but also a different relevant sense in which they aren’t. After considering the ways in which this alternative differs from some of the mainstream theories in general jurisprudence, the article argues that it provides more elegant solutions to two problems that have puzzled legal philosophers in the past: the paradox of customary international law and the shifts in legal discourse over history.
Primeira Infância no Poder Judiciário
(2023) Berriel, Cecilia Machado; IVAR ALBERTO GLASHERSTER MARTINS LANGE HARTMANN; Marpin, Ábia; GUILHERME DA FRANCA COUTO FERNANDES DE ALMEIDA; Abbas, Lorena; Maia, Natália de Oliveira; Fabris, Ligia
Reconhecendo a importância do período de 0 a 6 anos de idade, o Marco Legal da Primeira Infância (MLPI) trata dos princípios e diretrizes para a elaboração de políticas públicas específicas para essa fase do desenvolvimento humano. Também estabelece alterações relevantes em outras normas já existentes, como o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), a Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT) e o Código de Processo Penal (CPP), com vistas a privilegiar o melhor interesse da criança. Este livro reúne os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre a aplicação do MLPI em tribunais brasileiros que buscou responder, em uma perspectiva quantitativa: qual foi o impacto dessa norma sobre as decisões judiciais? E, em uma perspectiva qualitativa, quais as percepções de atores que trabalham no sistema de justiça sobre essa lei e suas possíveis implicações para a prática judicial.
Extracting value from Brazilian Court decisions
(2022) Fernandes, William Paulo Ducca; Frajhof, Isabella Zalcberg; GUILHERME DA FRANCA COUTO FERNANDES DE ALMEIDA; Rodrigues, Ariane Moraes Bueno; Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira; Konder, Carlos Nelson; Nasser, Rafael Barbosa; Carvalho, Gustavo Robichez de; Lopes, Hélio Côrtes Vieira
We propose a methodology to extract value from Brazilian Court decisions to support judges and lawyers in their decision-making. We instantiate our methodology in one information system we have developed. Such system (i) extracts plaintiff’s legal claims and each specific provision on legal opinions enacted by lower and Appellate Courts, and (ii) connects each legal claim with the corresponding judicial provision. The information system presents the results through visualizations. Information Extraction for legal texts has been previously approached in the literature for different languages, using different methods. Our proposal is different from previous work, since our corpora comprise Brazilian lower and Appellate Court decisions, in which we look for a set of plaintiff’s legal claims and judicial provisions commonly judged by the Court. We use the following methods to tackle the information extraction tasks: Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory network; Conditional Random Fields; and a combination of Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory network and Conditional Random Fields. In addition to the well-known distributed representation of words in word embeddings, we use character-level representation of words in character embeddings. We have built three corpora – Kauane Insurance Report, Kauane Insurance Lower, and Kauane Insurance Upper – to train and evaluate the system, using public data from the State Court of Rio de Janeiro. Our methods achieved good quality for Kauane Insurance Lower and Kauane Insurance Upper, and promising results for Kauane Insurance Report.
The Experimental Jurisprudence of the Concept of Rule: Implications for the Hart-Fuller Debate
(2023) GUILHERME DA FRANCA COUTO FERNANDES DE ALMEIDA; Struchiner, Noel; Hannikainen, Ivar R.
Demandas repetitivas
(2019) IVAR ALBERTO GLASHERSTER MARTINS LANGE HARTMANN; Pinheiro Júnior, Fausto Marques; GUILHERME DA FRANCA COUTO FERNANDES DE ALMEIDA; Araújo, Felipe; Correia Júnior, Fernando; Silva, Abner da
Are Large Language Models Moral Hypocrites? A Study Based on MoralFoundations
(2021) José Luiz Nunes; GUILHERME DA FRANCA COUTO FERNANDES DE ALMEIDA; Araujo, Marcelo de; Barbosa, Simone D. J.
Large language models (LLMs) have taken centre stage indebates on Artificial Intelligence. Yet there remains a gap inhow to assess LLMs’ conformity to important human values.In this paper, we investigate whether state-of-the-art LLMs,GPT-4 and Claude 2.1 (Gemini Pro and LLAMA 2 did notgenerate valid results) are moral hypocrites. We employ tworesearch instruments based on the Moral Foundations The-ory: (i) the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ), whichinvestigates which values are considered morally relevant inabstract moral judgements; and (ii) the Moral FoundationsVignettes (MFVs), which evaluate moral cognition in con-crete scenarios related to each moral foundation. We charac-terise conflicts in values between these different abstractionsof moral evaluation as hypocrisy. We found that both mod-els displayed reasonable consistency within each instrumentcompared to humans, but they displayed contradictory andhypocritical behaviour when we compared the abstract val-ues present in the MFQ to the evaluation of concrete moralviolations of the MFV.
VI Relatório Supremo em Números: a realidade do Supremo Criminal
(2019) Falcão, Joaquim; Batini, Silvana; IVAR ALBERTO GLASHERSTER MARTINS LANGE HARTMANN; GUILHERME DA FRANCA COUTO FERNANDES DE ALMEIDA
O Direito sem respeito às regras
(2024) GUILHERME DA FRANCA COUTO FERNANDES DE ALMEIDA; Leite, Fábio Carvalho; Assis, Rodolfo
Neste artigo, apresentam-se os resultados de duas pesquisas quantitativas observacionais realizadas no Tribunal de Justiça do Rio de Janeiro. Com elas, investigaram-se processos envolvendo casos regulados pelo art. 20 do Código civil e pelo art. 19 do Marco civil da internet. Os resultados revelam que os juízes quase não mencionam esses dispositivos, mesmo em situações nas quais eles claramente se aplicam. Argumenta-se que esses resultados sinalizam uma atitude generalizada de desrespeito às regras primárias, o que torna o Direito brasileiro atípico do ponto de vista conceitual. Por fim, defende-se que, sob a perspectiva normativa, essa atipicidade é indesejável.
Are There Cross-Cultural Legal Principles? Modal Reasoning Uncovers Procedural Constraints on Law
(2021) Tobia, Kevin P.; GUILHERME DA FRANCA COUTO FERNANDES DE ALMEIDA; Donelson, Raff; Dranseika, Vilius; Kneer, Markus; Strohmaier, Niek; Bystranowski, Piotr; Dolinina, Kristina; Janik, Bartosz; Keo, Sothie; Lauraityt, Egle; Liefgreen, Alice; Próchnicki, Maciej; Rosas, Alejandro; Hannikainen, Ivar R.
Despite pervasive variation in the content of laws, legal theorists and anthropologists have arguedthat laws share certain abstract features and even speculated that law may be a human universal. Inthe present report, we evaluate this thesis through an experiment administered in 11 different coun-tries. Are there cross-cultural principles of law? In a between-subjects design, participants (N = 3,054)were asked whether there could be laws that violate certain procedural principles (e.g., laws applied retrospectively or unintelligible laws), and also whether there are any such laws. Conﬁrming our pre-registered prediction, people reported that such laws cannot exist, but also (paradoxically) that there aresuch laws. These results document cross-culturally and –linguistically robust beliefs about the conceptof law which defy people’s grasp of how legal systems function in practice.
Exploring the psychology of LLMs’ moral and legal reasoning
(2024) GUILHERME DA FRANCA COUTO FERNANDES DE ALMEIDA; Nunes, José Luiz; Engelmann, Neele; Wiegmann, Alex; Araújo, Marcelo de
Large language models (LLMs) exhibit expert-level performance in tasks across a wide range of different domains. Ethical issues raised by LLMs and the need to align future versions makes it important to know how state of the art models reason about moral and legal issues. In this paper, we employ the methods of experimental psychology to probe into this question. We replicate eight studies from the experimental literature with instances of Google's Gemini Pro, Anthropic's Claude 2.1, OpenAI's GPT-4, and Meta's Llama 2 Chat 70b. We find that alignment with human responses shifts from one experiment to another, and that models differ amongst themselves as to their overall alignment, with GPT-4 taking a clear lead over all other models we tested. Nonetheless, even when LLM-generated responses are highly correlated to human responses, there are still systematic differences, with a tendency for models to exaggerate effects that are present among humans, in part by reducing variance. This recommends caution with regards to proposals of replacing human participants with current state-of-the-art LLMs in psychological research and highlights the need for further research about the distinctive aspects of machine psychology