Doutorado em Economia dos Negócios
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.insper.edu.br/handle/11224/3243
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43 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Tese Essays on Redistribution and Entrepreneuship(2024) Fancio, Vitor Augusto TeixeiraEsta tese investiga os impactos de políticas de tributação e transferência de renda na dinâmica das firmas e trabalhadores e seus efeitos sobre as variáveis macroeconômicas do Brasil e dos Estados Unidos. O Capítulo 1 examina a combinação ótima de taxação progressiva e subsídios educacionais na economia americana. Verifica-se que a combinação ótima dessas duas políticas implica maior progressividade do sistema tributário e maiores subsídios educacionais em relação aos valores atuais da economia americana. Essa combinação leva a um percentual maior de trabalhadores e empreendedores com ensino superior, aumentando o produto, o capital, a produtividade e o bem-estar. O Capítulo 2 analisa a relação entre a educação dos principais gestores e a produtividade total dos fatores (TFP) das empresas brasileiras, considerando diferentes níveis de desagregação industrial. Encontra-se uma correlação positiva para o setor industrial como um todo, e correlações significativamente mais altas para algumas indústrias. Observa-se que a correlação positiva entre a TFP da empresa e a escolaridade do gestor é menor para as indústrias mais dependentes de financiamento externo. Por fim, o Capítulo 3 analisa a transição do sistema atual de transferência de renda para um sistema de renda básica universal (UBI) no Brasil. Verifica-se que o valor da renda básica universal que maximiza o bem-estar implica mover o sistema de transferência atual para um sistema de UBI em que os indivíduos recebem 10% da renda média da economia no benchmark. Além disso, reformas com valores elevados de UBI podem reduzir a acumulação de capital e a oferta de trabalho, levando a um aumento do desemprego e uma diminuição do empreendedorismo.Tese Essays on International Macroeconomics and Finance(2025) Alexandrino da Silva, Victor Hugo CarvalhoEsta dissertação é composta por três artigos acadêmicos que se aprofundam em tópicos fundamentais de política econômica: Intervenções cambiais e as transações em larga escala por parte de banco centrais, acesso ao mercado nos mercados de crédito internacional e calote de dívida soberana. Cada capítulo contribui com evidências empíricas para a literatura econômica. No Capítulo 1, apresentamos a introdução geral da tese. O Capítulo 2 investiga a influência de transações de larga escala no mercado de câmbio, usando como arcabouço os anúncios de transações cambiais do banco central na volatilidade e nos retornos de curto prazo no mercado cambial norueguês. Avançando para o Capítulo 3, o foco muda para o acesso ao mercado para economias de fronteira de baixo rendimento nos mercados de capitais internacionais, identificando fatores políticos essenciais que moldam a evolução do mercado de dívida. O Capítulo 4 apresenta um modelo quantitativo que exalta a importância da denominação da dívida nos mercados emergentes, ressaltando a dinâmica de inadimplência o os impactos da inflação. Os três capítulos elaborados aprofundam coletivamente a nossa compreensão da dinâmica da dívida soberana, do acesso ao mercado, das intervenções cambiais e do papel de agentes de de mercado, como um banco central, ao participar do mercado de câmbio. A pesquisa fornece contribuições importantes para a formulação de políticas, orientando agentes de mercado, bancos centrais e pesquisadores por meio dos resultados encontrados dentro dos três artigos.Tese Strategies to Include Underserved Communities(2024) Barros, Octavio Augusto Darcie deThe Strategic Management literature has long been interested in how organizational action impacts stakeholders and how firms contribute to dealing with social issues through their corporate social responsibility strategies. While early studies primarily focused on the benefits that firms themselves may gain from engaging in these activities, a more recent body of literature has delved into how different types of organizations contribute to value creation beyond profits, and to tackling societal grand challenges. In particular, a fluorescent research stream examines how organizations adapt their strategies when aiming to include stakeholders from underserved communities –i.e., low-income and vulnerable groups from remote locations facing constraints in terms of access to essential public and private goods and services. In this dissertation, I intend to advance current understanding of how organizations engage with underserved groups, how these interactions reshape organizational strategies, and the consequences of such relationships to the creation and allocation of value. The research is structured into three studies, each employing a different level of analysis, as well as various methodological approaches to contribute uniquely to distinct strands of literature. The first study adopts an entrepreneur-level perspective, focusing on the effects of business training on stakeholders from underserved communities, and the importance of individuals’ digital literacy levels in mediating the effectiveness of such programs. Overall, this study questions the efficacy of digital technologies in bolstering business activities, proposing that, in contexts of vulnerability, those tools should be approached with caution and via the implementation of designs that are specifically adapted to the needs of the target populations. The second study takes a firm- and market-level approach, engaging with the comparative governance literature, to examine how stakeholder participation in organizational decision-making processes affects firms’ entry-and-exit decisions under uncertainty. Specifically, we compare the physical presence in vulnerable markets from credit cooperatives –organizations in which clients (borrowers) are also owners— with that of for-profit and state-owned banks in the context of accelerated digitalization of the banking sector. The third study undertakes an institutional perspective while also examining firm-level heterogeneities, aiming to dialogue with the literature on corporate philanthropy. In this solo-authored project, I analyze the outcomes of the introduction of a public policy aimed at reducing search costs and increasing the scale and equitable distribution of philanthropic investments and the importance of firm-level attributes in influencing organizational response to this institutional transition. Through these diverse methodological and theoretical lenses, this dissertation aims to deepen the overall understanding of the multiple dimensions related to the social impact generated by organizations.Tese Essays on Credit and Cash Transfer Policies(2024) Tomkowski, Felipe GoulartThis thesis investigates the effects of government benefit payments and conditional cash transfers (CCT) on the financial behaviors of low-income households through three studies. The first study examines how the timing of benefit payments impacts credit usage, revealing that later payments increase reliance on credit and delinquency rates. The second study explores the effects of unexpected cash transfers on credit outcomes, finding that such transfers boost credit card usage and improve credit terms for the poorest households. The third study analyzes the impact of losing CCT benefits, showing a temporary rise in credit card expenditures following the loss but no significant change for those below the extreme poverty line. These findings provide insights into how cash transfers influence financial stability and credit access, offering guidance for policies aimed at enhancing financial inclusion for vulnerable populations.Tese Essays in Sustainability and Business Strategy(2025) Esteves, Nathalia RamajoThis dissertation is composed of three chapters focusing on sustainability and business. We study how customers and investors target firms that are not sustainable and how a female Chief Sustainability Officer (CSO) can be effective in leading firms’ sustainability efforts. The first chapter unveils how customers react to sustainability misconduct. The authors conduct an event study of 504 observations, including firms judged guilty in the United States court of law in legal proceedings related to sustainability misconduct as well as their main competitors. Results show that sustainability misconduct erodes corporate reputation. The second chapter reveals the direct and dynamic impacts of a female CSO on firm performance. Analyzing 117 United States retailers in various industries, the authors find evidence that having a female CSO and that female CSO experience increases sales revenue growth. Finally, the third chapter focuses on investors and shows how CEO characteristics can moderate the effects of firm performance and sustainability performance on sustainability investor activism proposals.Tese Unconditional Quantile Selection Models with a Gender Wage Gap Application(2023) Sunao, Stefanie SayuriWe propose constructing a consistent estimator that addresses the problem of sample selection in unconditional quantile models. The proposed approach is based on three steps: (i) estimation of a control function using a logistic distribution regression; (ii) construction of a counterfactual distribution of the latent dependent variable conditional on the previously estimated control function; (iii) application of the recentered influence function (RIF) on the estimated counterfactual distribution and, finally, we run an ordinary least square regression. Besides this theoretical contribution, we propose an empirical application to measure the impact of maternity on the gender wage gap using Danish data.Tese Essays in Financial Economics(2023) Baglioni, TommasoThis dissertation studies topics in financial economics and contributes to the literature on equity return dynamics around scheduled Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) announcements by highlighting new facts and presenting stronger empirical results than many articles in the international literature. This thesis is composed by three closely related papers, which are reported in this essay as chapters. These articles use U.S. intraday data and could be extended to other contexts, in accordance to data availability. The main variables of interest, which are constructed using intraday data on E-Mini S&P 500 futures at one-minute frequency, are the pre- FOMC announcement return and the post-FOMC announcement return, i.e., the 24-hour return in advance of the FOMC announcement and the return from the minute of the announcement until the end of the trading day, respectively. All articles relate to the anticipation and reaction of the stock market to monetary policy announcements and contribute empirically to a better understanding of the behavior of the stock market around monetary policy decisions. In particular, the three papers add to the empirical understanding of the facts described by Lucca and Moench (2015), who document a large average excess returns in U.S. equities before scheduled FOMC announcements, a phenomenon that they term “pre-FOMC announcement drift.” They show that half of the excess return in U.S. equities over the period 1980 – 2011 accrues in the 24 hours before scheduled FOMC announcements, whereas the average post-announcement return is approximately zero. They conclude that this unconditional excess return is not directly related to the actual FOMC monetary policy decision, highlighting a puzzle that is difficult to explain with standard asset pricing theory. Following Lucca and Moench (2015), a vast literature that explores the impact of FOMC announcements on financial markets began studying the pre-FOMC announcement drift and other related patterns around monetary policy announcements. In contrast with the previous literature, which focuses mainly on the pre-FOMC announcement drift and on the daily stock market return of the FOMC announcement day, this thesis focuses on the time series variation in both pre- and post-announcement return and highlights new interesting patterns related to the post-announcement return as well. In fact, only a handful of papers document patterns related to the stock market behaviour from the monetary policy announcement (or just before) until the end of the trading day. While those few papers focus on the immediate reaction of the stock market to the announcement, conditioned thus on the type of monetary policy news, the first two chapters of this thesis focus on the predictability of the post-announcement return (given the information publicly available before the announcement). The focus of the third article is on the predictability of the pre-announcement return. The first chapter, a joint work with Ruy Monteiro Ribeiro, is entitled “The FOMC Announcement Reversal.” This paper shows that part of the stock market reaction after the FOMC announcement is predictable, as the market tends to overreact in advance of the announcement and to correct afterward. In particular, there is a negative relationship between pre-FOMC announcement returns and post-FOMC announcement returns, independent of the level of uncertainty and sample period. To exploit this finding, this paper proposes and tests a reversal strategy consisting in buying (selling) E-Mini S&P 500 just before the announcement, if the pre-FOMC announcement return is negative (positive), and closing the position at the end of the trading day. Over the period 1997 – 2020, considering 180 scheduled FOMC announcements, this strategy generates Sharpe ratios about 2.5 times greater than the pre-FOMC announcement drift puzzle of Lucca and Moench. The second chapter, entitled “Liquidity Premium Around FOMC Announcements,” is a joint work with Alessandro Giannozzi, Ruy Monteiro Ribeiro, and Oliviero Roggi. This paper explores the relationship between stock market liquidity and stock market return around scheduled FOMC meetings and highlights the importance of liquidity in the predictability of returns that follow the monetary policy decision. This article shows that the classic liquidity measure proposed by Amihud (2002) is empirically relevant to predict the stock market behavior, despite the fact that we are analyzing the most liquid market in the world. The main finding is that the post-FOMC announcement interval is characterized by a conditional liquidity premium, suggesting that market liquidity is an important determinant of the FOMC premium. In contrast, the unconditional liquidity premium is not statistically significant. The third chapter, which is a joint work with Ruy Monteiro Ribeiro, is entitled “Corporate Bonds Distress and FOMC Announcement Returns.” This paper documents that the ex-ante level of the corporate bond market distress is a good predictor for the pre-FOMC announcement equity market return, which tends to be positive (negative) when distress on the week before the announcement is high (low). Distress subsumes the relevant information of equity market uncertainty, highlighted by the previous literature as a good predictor for the pre-FOMC announcement return. This article also shows that, on FOMC announcement days, the effect of distress is heterogeneous across industries, as it is much more pronounced on the return of the industries that are more sensitive to credit, suggesting that distress is part of the credit channel of monetary policy transmission.Tese Essays on Ambiguity and Decision Theory(2023) Wang, Henrique Yu JiunnEsta tese analisa três casos diferentes relacionados à incerteza. O primeiro capítulo estuda um modelo teórico de conluio que assume ambiguidade em relação à demanda. O segundo capítulo estuda a decisão dos juízes em casos relacionados à saúde e como a experiência neste assunto muda seu comportamento. O terceiro capítulo estuda como os casos de corrupção na mídia afetam as decisões dos juízes em casos de corrupção de outros ramos do judiciárioTese Essays in Urban and Labor Economics(2023) Patto, Thiago de SouzaEsta dissertação é composta por três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo analisa como o tamanho da cidade afeta o perfil salarial dos trabalhadores. Ele mostra que o prêmio salarial urbano estático é aproximadamente semelhante entre grupos educacionais, mas os efeitos de crescimento salarial estão concentrados em jovens com ensino superior. Minhas estimativas indicam que os efeitos no crescimento salarial representam quase metade do hiato salarial de tamanho de cidade entre individuos com ensino superior e quase dois terços do hiato de prêmio universitário de tamanho de cidade. Também apresento evidências de que as transições de emprego são fundamentais para entender os efeitos de crescimento salarial. O segundo capítulo estuda como a densidade de emprego afeta as escolhas de localização dos empregadores dentro de uma cidade. Exploro a abertura de grandes edifícios comerciais em São Paulo e comparo bairros mais próximos e mais distantes para analisar as mudanças na atividade econômica de diferentes setores. Concluo que escritórios de alta qualificação e serviços locais aumentam differencialmente sua presença em bairros próximos. Estimo que, para cada dois empregos adicionais criados por escritórios de alta qualificação, um emprego é criado por serviços locais, o que interpreto como um efeito multiplicador. O choque de emprego aumenta a produtividade de escritórios de alta qualificação. Novas empresas nesse setor são então atraídas, ampliando a demanda por bens não comercializáveis. Consequentemente, a presença de serviços locais também aumenta. O terceiro capítulo também explora novos edifícios comerciais para investigar a existência de fricções espaciais na busca por emprego. Especificamente, analisamos como a proximidade de novas vagas afeta a probabilidade de ser contratado. Propomos uma metodologia que considera múltiplas fontes de seleção para interpretar os efeitos de distância como provenientes de fricções. Concluímos que indivíduos cujo local de trabalho é mais próximo de um novo prédio antes de sua abertura têm maior probabilidade de trabalhar lá no futuro. Essa relação é mais evidente para trabalhadores com menor qualificação.Tese Essays on Empirical Corporate Finance(2023) Macoris, Lucas SerrãoThis thesis has three chapters, all of them aimed at empirically investigating a specific research question related to the Corporate Finance literature. In the first chapter of the thesis, I investigate the relationship between liquidity shocks and Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) activity during peridos of credit supply shortfalls and show that firms that have higher levels of expiring debt maturities in the year of the credit shock are more likely to become targets in M&A deals. Moreover, these firms invest more and issue more debt after the deal relative to other financially constrained firms that did not undergo such transactions. Finally, we show that these firms are shifting from issuing debt in their own countries to issuing debt in countries with historically higher issuance volume, show ing that M&As can work as leeway to relieve financing frictions in periods when credit supply frictions are more prevalent. In the second chapter of the thesis, I study the effects of the introduction of the solvency margin rule in the Brazilian healthcare industry using a differences-in-differences approach to show that more exposed firms grew their customer base less than their counterparts, and that this effect persists even after three years of the solvency margin implementation. When it comes to firm-level prospects, I show that this higher exposure also affects firms’ future financial fundamentals, firms’ likelihood of being delisted, and is negatively correlated with changes in the median price levels for customer healthcare plans. Finally, to the extent that this differential growth trend is capable of shifting aggregate industry fundamentals, I show that states with a higher portion of exposed firms saw their market concentration surge 22% more than their counterparts. Finally, the third and last chaption of this thesis studies the potential determinants of firms’ debt structure decisions over time by studying the interplay between ownership and debt structure decisions. By exploiting exogenous variation in mutual funds’ passive ownership due to Russell 1000/2000 index assignments between 2010 and 2019, the estimates presented in this chapter show that a one standard deviation increase in passive ownership is related to a 29% decrease in debt concentration. In a subsequent set of results, it is possible to see that results are entirely driven by smaller firms, are mostly leaned towards increases in Commercial Papers, Term Loans and Revolving Credit, and are unrelated to other firms’ ex-post fundamentals.