Artigos em Andamento [Working Paper]
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.insper.edu.br/handle/11224/3232
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Resultados da Pesquisa
- Elections that Inspire: Effects of Black Mayors on Educational Attainment(2024) Ikawa, Jorge; Martins, Clarice; Sant’Anna, Pedro C.; ROGERIO BIANCHI SANTARROSAWe study the impact of Black mayor’s election in Brazil on Black students’ educational attainment. Using a regression discontinuity design on close elections, we find that Black students from municipalities where Black candidates won are more likely to enroll in the National High School Examination, attend universities, and graduate. We find suggestive evidence that students’ aspirations play a role: secondary/tertiary education is not mayor’s primary responsibility; Black mayors do not perform better in policies that affect our outcomes; and effects are strong for Black students from both public and private schools, while weaker for White students from public schools.
- Gender and Top Lifetime Earnings Inequality: Ten New Facts from Brazil(2024) Martinez, Tomás R.; Martins Neto, Antonio; URSULA MATTIOLI MELLOThis paper presents ten new facts on gender and top lifetime earnings inequality in Brazil, drawing on rich administrative data covering nearly the entire formal labor market from 1985 to 2018. We document significant gender disparities in lifetime earn ings, particularly among top earners, where women are both underrepresented and face larger earnings gaps compared to men. We identify key drivers of this inequality, in cluding career interruptions, occupational segregation, employment in large firms, and job-switching patterns. Public sector employment partially mitigates these gaps.
- Assessing the Permanent Income Hypothesis in Poor Areas: The Case of Rural Pensions in Brazil(2024) Komatsu, Bruno Kawaoka; Dias, Lucas; NAERCIO AQUINO MENEZES FILHOIn Brazil, poor women in family agriculture are entitled to a monthly unconditional pension from the government when they turn 55, a large predictable income increase for rural families. In this paper, we use a national family expenditure survey and a fuzzy regression discontinuity design strategy to estimate the impacts of that pension on consumption, finance and labor market indicators. We show that the pension increases income by 50%, but does not change the consumption of non-durables or food insecurity. Loans repayments rise upon receipt of the pension, which implies that access to credit allowed consumption smoothing. We also find heterogeneity of responses by socioeconomic status, with women with lower education levels driving the result, while those with higher education levels increased their non-durable spending. These findings lend support to the standard life-cycle consumption model, even in very poor environments.
- Índice de Equilíbrio Racial: Uma proposta de mensuração da desigualdade racial entre e dentro das categorias ocupacionais(2020) SERGIO PINHEIRO FIRPO; França, Michael; Rodrigues, Lucas C.O objetivo deste trabalho e apresentar uma proposta para monitorar a desigualdade racial no mercado de trabalho ao longo do tempo. Para isso, propõe-se o Índice de Equilíbrio Racial (IER). Esse índice representa uma forma de medir o quanto a distribuição ocupacional por raça de determinada unidade (firma, setor, região) diverge da distribuição ocupacional por raça em uma população de referência. Um exemplo é a comparação da distribuição ocupacional por raça numa firma com a mesma distribuição na população economicamente ativa. Com essa métrica, é possível visualizar a magnitude do desequilíbrio racial em empresas e regiões. Isso possibilita o monitoramento da situação racial no mercado formal de trabalho e, consequentemente, contribui para a avaliação e o desenvolvimento de políticas de promoção de equidade racial. Além disso, o trabalho fornece uma proposta metodológica para se estimar o volume de recursos que seriam destinados a população negra caso não houvesse discrepância entre as unidades estudadas e a população de referência.
- Desigualdade Racial nas Eleições Brasileiras (Racial Inequality in Brazilian Elections)(2022) SERGIO PINHEIRO FIRPO; França, Michael; Portella, Alysson; Tavares, RafaelUsing data from Brazilian elections for federal and state legislative chambers from 2014 and 2018, we investigated the measure of racial balance in descriptive representation, that is, how much candidates and elected representatives reflect the racial composition of the population. We construct a Racial Balance Index (RBI) that aims to compare the percentage of black candidates and elected representatives with their percentage in the electorate. We analyze this index at the national and state levels, as well as within parties, also taking into account their ideological position. The results indicate some racial balance with respect to candidacies, but a high imbalance when we consider the elected representatives. To complement the analysis, we also investigated racial disparities in access to campaign resources. We found that not only do black candidates receive fewer resources on average, but these resources are more concentrated among them.