Centro de Estudos das Cidades – Laboratório Arq.Futuro do Insper (Insper Cidades)
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Resultado da parceria firmada entre Insper e Arq.Futuro em 2019, o Centro de Estudos das Cidades – Laboratório Arq.Futuro, que nasceu como Laboratório Arq.Futuro de Cidades do Insper e ganhou sua atual estrutura e a nova denominação em maio de 2024, tem na interdisciplinaridade a base de uma plataforma para o ensino e a pesquisa sobre o meio urbano, com foco na inovação.
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Artigo Científico All-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality and wildfire-related ozone: a multicountry two-stage time series analysis(2024) Chen, Gongbo; Guo, Yuming; Yue, Xu; Xu, Rongbin; Yu, Wenhua; Ye, Tingting; Tong, Shilu; Gasparrini, Antonio; Bell, Michelle L; Armstrong, Ben; Schwartz, Joel; Jaakkola , Jouni J K; Lavigne , Eric; Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; Kan, Haidong; Royé, Dominic; Urban, Aleš; Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Maria; Tobias, Aurelio; Forsberg, Bertil; Sera, Francesco; Lei, Yadong; Abramson, Michael J; Li, ShanshanArtigo Científico Productivity-adjusted life years lost due to non-optimum temperatures in Brazil: A nationwide time-series study(2023) Wen, Bo Wen; Ademi, Zanfina; Wu, Yao; Xu, Rongbin; Yu, Pei; Ye, Tingting; Coêlho, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio; Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; Guo, Yuming; Li, ShanshanNon-optimal temperatures are associated with premature deaths globally. However, the evidence is limited in low- and middle-income countries, and the productivity losses due to non-optimal temperatures have not been quantified. We aimed to estimate the work-related impacts and economic losses attributable to non-optimal temperatures in Brazil. We collected daily mortality data from 510 immediate regions in Brazil during 2000 and 2019. A two-stage time-series analysis was applied to evaluate the association between non-optimum temperatures and the Productivity-Adjusted Life-Years (PALYs) lost. The temperature-PALYs association was fitted for each location in the first stage and then we applied meta-analyses to obtain the national estimations. The attributable fraction (AF) of PALY lost due to ambient temperatures and the corresponding economic costs were calculated for different subgroups of the working-age population. A total of 3,629,661 of PALYs lost were attributed to non-optimal temperatures during 2000–2019 in Brazil, corresponding to 2.90 % (95 % CI: 1.82 %, 3.95 %) of the total PALYs lost. Non-optimal temperatures have led to US$104.86 billion (95 % CI: 65.95, 142.70) of economic costs related to PALYs lost and the economic burden was more substantial in males and the population aged 15–44 years. Higher risks of extreme cold temperatures were observed in the South region in Brazil while extreme hot temperatures were observed in the Central West and Northeast regions. In conclusion, non-optimal temperatures are associated with considerable labour losses as well as economic costs in Brazil. Tailored policies and adaptation strategies should be proposed to mitigate the impacts of non-optimal temperatures on the labour supply in a changing climate.Capítulo de Livro City Financing and Social Urbanism in Latin America: The Importance of Good Fiscal Management(2021) Eguino, Huáscar; Leite, CarlosEach territory and culture within Latin American cities has unique characteristics which sometimes make it difficult to define a common ground between their urban dynamics. However, through more specialized reading, some dysfunctional symptoms can be perceived as recurrent patterns among South American urban systems. This includes the urgency for decent affordable housing and basic infrastructure and the need for public facilities and transportation systems in the most peripheral and vulnerable regions of larger cities. In developing countries, the highest population densities are found precisely in highly socially vulnerable informal territories on the cities’ peripheries; at the same time, urban centers do not fully utilize their capacity in terms of existing infrastructure. It is a land use unbalance that reflects the incongruity of urban economic development. An analysis of these territories under the light of social urbanism shows that the priority of the public sector must be...Relatório de pesquisa Artigo Científico Wildfire-sourced fine particulate matter and preterm birth risks in Brazil: A nationwide population-based cohort study(2024) Zhang, Yiwen; Huang, Wenzhong; Xu, Rongbin; Ye, Tingting; Chen, Gongbo; Yue, Xu; Coêl , Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio; Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; Song, Jiangning; Guo, Yuming; Li, ShanshanWildfire-specific particulate matter with diameters ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) is the key component of wildfire smoke, with potentially higher toxicity than PM2.5 from other sources. In this nationwide population-based cohort study, we included 22,163,195 births from Brazil during 2010–2019. Daily wildfire-specific PM2.5 was estimated through the chemical transport model. Time-varying Cox proportional hazards models were used to characterize the exposure-time-response (E-T-R) relationship between weekly wildfire-specific PM2.5 exposure and preterm birth (PTB) risks, followed by subgroup analyses. A 10 µg/m3 increment in wildfire-specific PM2.5 was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.047 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.032–1.063) for PTB. Stronger associations between wildfire-specific PM2.5 and PTB were observed during earlier pregnancy, among female infants, and pregnant women < 18 years old, in ethnic minorities, with a length of education ≥ 11 years, from low-income or high temperature municipalities, and residing in North/Northeast regions. An estimated 1.47 % (95 % CI: 1.01 %–1.94 %) of PTBs were attributable to wildfire-specific PM2.5 in Brazil, increasing from 2010 to 2019. The PTBs attributable to wildfire-specific PM2.5 surpassed those attributed to non-wildfire PM2.5 (0.31 %, 95% CI: 0.09 %–0.57 %). Wildfire emerged as a critical source contributing to the PM2.5-linked PTBs. Prioritized fire management and emission control strategies are warranted for PTB prevention.Artigo CientíficoGEOLOGIA Comparison of weather station and climate reanalysis data for modelling temperature‑related mortality(2022) Mistry, Malcolm N.; Schneider, Rochelle; Masselot, Pierre; Royé, Dominic; Armstrong, Ben; Kyselý, Jan; Orru, Hans; Sera, Francesco; ShiluTong1; Lavigne, Éric; Urban, Aleš; Madureira, Joana; García‑León, David; Ibarreta, Dolores; Ciscar, Juan‑Carlos; Feyen, Luc; Schrijver, Evan de; Coelho, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio; Pascal, Mathilde; Tobias, Aurelio; Multi-Country Multi-City (MCC) Collaborative Research Network; Guo, Yuming; Vicedo‑Cabrera, Ana M.; Gasparrini, AntonioEpidemiological analyses of health risks associated with non-optimal temperature are traditionally based on ground observations from weather stations that offer limited spatial and temporal coverage. Climate reanalysis represents an alternative option that provide complete spatio-temporal exposure coverage, and yet are to be systematically explored for their suitability in assessing temperature-related health risks at a global scale. Here we provide the first comprehensive analysis over multiple regions to assess the suitability of the most recent generation of reanalysis datasets for health impact assessments and evaluate their comparative performance against traditional station-based data. Our findings show that reanalysis temperature from the last ERA5 products generally compare well to station observations, with similar non-optimal temperature-related risk estimates. However, the analysis offers some indication of lower performance in tropical regions, with a likely underestimation of heat-related excess mortality. Reanalysis data represent a valid alternative source of exposure variables in epidemiological analyses of temperature-related risk.Artigo Científico Exploring the causal efects of the built environment on travel behavior: a unique randomized experiment in Shanghai(2022) Chen, Faan; Costa, Adriano Borges Ferreira daExperimental designs have been recognized as the gold standard for establishing causal mechanisms. However, the application of such designs is complicated by factors such as excessive costs, time consumption, ethical concerns, and political impossibility. Nevertheless, the Chinese government’s replacement housing efforts provide a unique randomized experiment for exploring the causal effects of the built environment on travel behavior. Accordingly, based on a large-scale survey on travel patterns under an experimental design in Shanghai, this study employs a two-step modeling approach, involving logit and Tobit models, to identify the built environment’s effects on auto ownership and vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT). We found that transit service improvements play a stronger role in reducing auto-drive than compact and diverse land-use characteristics. Increasing residential and employment density, as well as land-use mix, discourages car ownership, which in turn reduces VKT, but with lower elasticities than transportation system variables. The findings provide additional evidence and referential estimate for how land-use and transport strategies and policies designed to create a compact, mixed-use, and highly accessible built environment can be used in reducing auto driving. This study expands the VKT reduction elasticities’ database regarding the built environment across global spatial contexts, serving as a model for similar studies elsewhere in the world.Artigo Científico Providing support to underprivileged people during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: the role of the Trust Group and women leaders in São Paulo’s favelas(2022) Domingos, Ana Luiza Gomes; Mitkiewicz, Juliana Miranda; Saldiva, Paulo Hilario NascimentoSão Paulo was one of the epicenters of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Amongst underprivileged populations, such as slums residents, the impact of the pandemic was severe. This documentary reports the creation of the Trust Group, made up mostly of women community leaders in São Paulo’s slums, and how their actions inspired public policies in Brazil. Their lessons are examples of governance and solidarity in times of crisis and can serve as models for other cities in Latin America. The documentary describes this history as told by those community leaders. To watch the documentary, kindly visit the following link: https://youtu.be/61elJw0oqCYArtigo Científico A systematic literature review of citizen science in urban studies and regional urban planning: policy, practical, and research implications(2025) Beck, Donizete; Mitkiewicz, JulianaCitizen Science (CS) has been useful in research development and policymaking, where laypeople contribute to collecting and/or analyzing data. With the technological advancement of smart cities and data analysis techniques, CS helps foster efficient/sustainable cities and data-driven decision-making. However, more effort is needed to make CS more accessible for urban scholars and practitioners. Thus, we provided a comprehensive overview of CS in Urban Studies and Regional Urban Planning (USRUP) by revealing the main thematic/method approaches, stakeholder roles, socioeconomic/environ mental/policy impacts, limitations, best practices, and cases. Thus, we performed a Systematic Literature Review on CS in USRUP using the PRISMA Guidelines of 94 studies collected from the Web of Science Core Collection, published by 2023. Our key findings underscore the practical uses of diverse methodologies and approaches employed in CS projects, emphasizing their potential to enhance urban research and policymaking. The core socioeconomic impacts of CS projects are fostering community empowerment, engagement, and educational opportunities. The main environmental impacts are enhancing monitoring capabilities, improving ecosystem service assessments, and supporting adaptive management practices. As for urban planning and policies, CS projects can foster data-driven planning, urban sustainability, urban resilience, healthier cities, and social equity. CS challenges include data quality and consistency, the digital divide, and the need for sustained funding. Best practices have included clear communication, standardized protocols, and strong community engagement. Further developments should involve citizens in more analytical roles (rather than merely instrumental ones, like data collection) in CS projects and explore CS in social urbanism for transforming vulnerable communities.- Guia de urbanismo social(2023) Leite, Carlos (Org.)Este Guia apresenta um “cardápio” amplo de tópicos e temas sobre a pauta do urbanismo social, aqui entendida e abordada de forma abrangente. Sabe-se que provavelmente nenhum caso referencial ou programa de urbanismo social contempla todos os itens apresentados nos quinze capítulos do livro. A ideia é oferecer às leitoras e aos leitores as diversas alternativas e oportunidades que possam ser utilizadas e que sirvam de referência tanto no conteúdo do capítulo específico como nas indicações apresentadas em “Para saber mais” — ou ainda nos casos referenciais citados em diferentes momentos da obra e analisados na parte final do trabalho, o Capítulo 15. Como em todo guia, ou manual, procurou-se fazer deste um produto prático, de linguagem objetiva e acessível ao grande público, não especializado. O objetivo é que quem mais precise promover, de algum modo, práticas de urbanismo social nas diversas cidades do Brasil encontre aqui explicações, definições, conceitos, metodologias e exemplos concretos. Assim, os públicos-alvo do Guia são: (i) lideranças comunitárias e moradores das favelas das cidades brasileiras; (ii) gestores públicos; (iii) lideranças do terceiro setor; (iv) meio acadêmico e demais interessados em promover melhorias nos territórios e na vida dos moradores das favelas, por meio das diversas práticas de urbanismo social aqui apresentadas.