Essays on Labor-Market Frictions
N/D
Autores
Bloise, Caio Romeu Cerqueira
Orientador
Co-orientadores
Citações na Scopus
Tipo de documento
Tese
Data
2024
Resumo
Esta tese investiga os impactos de se analisar modelos de fricções no mercado de trabalho e
seus impactos nas variavéis macroeconômicas do Brasil e dos Estados Unidos. O Capítulo
1 examina os efeitos do seguro-desemprego em uma economia com informalidade, como a
brasileira. Encontra-se que o aumento da duração do seguro-desemprego, por exemplo, aumenta
o percentual de trabalhadores que coletam seguro-desemprego e vão para o setor informal ao
mesmo tempo. Também é analisado o fato que, ao aumentar o tempo necessário para ficar elegível
ao seguro-desemprego, a taxa de desemprego brasileira cai, principalmente pela criação de vagas
formais. O Capítulo 2 analisa como a dívida pública interage com fricções no mercado de
trabalho estadunidense. É construído um modelo de equilíbro geral com mercados incompletos e
segmentação educacional, que mostra que quanto maior a dívida pública, maior o desemprego e
menor o salário, via equilíbrio geral. Encontra-se, também, como consequências desses efeitos,
que a dívida pública ótima é nula. Por último, o Capítulo 3 analisa o papel das firmas no
crescimento salarial dos empregados formais em São Paulo, Brasil. Usando um modelo duplo de
efeitos fixos, encontra-se que firmas acima do percentil 25 tem crescimento salarial e que firmas
abaixo desse percential tem declínio salarial ao longo dos anos. Trabalhadores mais velhos, por
exemplo, tem crescimento salarial menor que os mais novos. Além disso, mulheres e negros
mostram crescimento muito abaixo dos seus pares.
This thesis investigates the impacts of analyzing frictions in the labor market and their effects on macroeconomic variables in Brazil and the United States. Chapter 1 examines the effects of unemployment insurance in an economy with informality, such as Brazil’s. It is found that an increase in the duration of unemployment insurance, for example, raises the percentage of workers who collect unemployment benefits while simultaneously moving to the informal sector. It is also analyzed that increasing the time required to become eligible for unemployment insurance leads to a decrease in the Brazilian unemployment rate, primarily due to the creation of formal job vacancies. Chapter 2 analyzes how public debt interacts with frictions in the U.S. labor market. A general equilibrium model with incomplete markets and educational segmentation is constructed, showing that higher public debt leads to higher unemployment and lower wages through general equilibrium. It is also found that, as a consequence of these effects, the optimal level of public debt is zero. Finally, Chapter 3 examines the role of firms in the wage growth of formal employees in São Paulo, Brazil. Using a two-way fixed effects model, it is found that firms above the 25th percentile experience wage growth, whereas firms below this percentile experience a decline in wages over the years. Older workers, for example, have lower wage growth compared to younger workers. Additionally, women and black workers show wage growth significantly below their peers.
This thesis investigates the impacts of analyzing frictions in the labor market and their effects on macroeconomic variables in Brazil and the United States. Chapter 1 examines the effects of unemployment insurance in an economy with informality, such as Brazil’s. It is found that an increase in the duration of unemployment insurance, for example, raises the percentage of workers who collect unemployment benefits while simultaneously moving to the informal sector. It is also analyzed that increasing the time required to become eligible for unemployment insurance leads to a decrease in the Brazilian unemployment rate, primarily due to the creation of formal job vacancies. Chapter 2 analyzes how public debt interacts with frictions in the U.S. labor market. A general equilibrium model with incomplete markets and educational segmentation is constructed, showing that higher public debt leads to higher unemployment and lower wages through general equilibrium. It is also found that, as a consequence of these effects, the optimal level of public debt is zero. Finally, Chapter 3 examines the role of firms in the wage growth of formal employees in São Paulo, Brazil. Using a two-way fixed effects model, it is found that firms above the 25th percentile experience wage growth, whereas firms below this percentile experience a decline in wages over the years. Older workers, for example, have lower wage growth compared to younger workers. Additionally, women and black workers show wage growth significantly below their peers.
Palavras-chave
Seguro-desemprego; Informalidade; Fricções no mercado de trabalho; salários; Brasil; Dívida Pública; Estados Unidos; Firmas; Unemployment Insurance; Informality; Labor Market Frictions; Wages; Brazil; Public Debt; United States; Firms
Titulo de periódico
URL da fonte
Título de Livro
URL na Scopus
Idioma
Inglês
Notas
Membros da banca
Pannella, Pierluca
Costa, Carlos da
Narita, Renata
Área do Conhecimento CNPQ
CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS
CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA
CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA