Interação entre a predominância de empregos públicos e a competição política em municípios brasileiros: práticas de patronagem e implicações
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Dissertação
Data
2024
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O presente estudo explorou a competição política nos municípios brasileiros onde a
proporção de empregos públicos em relação aos privados é notavelmente elevada,
frequentemente, interligada às práticas de patronagem. Nestes municípios, o mercado
formal de empregos, frequentemente, é dominado pelo setor público e os cargos são
usados como recompensa pelo apoio político (Weingrod, 1968). A união desses dois
fatores leva a desafios únicos para a competição política, implicando em
consequências significativas na dinâmica da democracia local. Neste contexto, o
objetivo principal do presente estudo foi investigar a relação entre a predominância de
empregos públicos e a competição política nos municípios brasileiros, com particular
atenção às práticas de patronagem e suas implicações na governança e na
democracia local. Para tanto, adotou-se a metodologia econométrica. A utilização de
variáveis dummies possibilitou uma categorização efetiva dos municípios, com base
na proporção de empregos públicos, aprimorando a precisão analítica dos modelos.
A análise destas dinâmicas sugeriu uma relação intrínseca entre o controle dos
empregos públicos em municípios com mercados privados pouco desenvolvidos e a
limitação da competição política, mostrando que uma maior proporção de cargos
discricionários, comissionados e temporários em relação ao número total de empregos
formais aumenta a probabilidade de reeleição de um partido ou de um candidato ao
executivo municipal, mas, aparentemente, não influencia o número de candidatos ou
a concentração de votos.
The present study explored political competition in Brazilian municipalities where the proportion of public jobs in relation to private jobs is remarkably high, often linked to patronage practices. In these municipalities, the formal job market is often dominated by the public sector and positions are used as a reward for political support (Weingrod, 1968). The union of these two factors leads to unique challenges for political competition, implying significant consequences for the dynamics of local democracy. In this context, the main objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the predominance of public jobs and political competition in Brazilian municipalities, with particular attention to patronage practices and their implications for governance and local democracy. To this end, the econometric methodology was adopted. The use of dummy variables enabled effective categorization of municipalities, based on the proportion of public employment, improving the analytical precision of the models. The analysis of these dynamics suggested an intrinsic relationship between the control of public jobs in municipalities with poorly developed private markets and the limitation of political competition, showing that a greater proportion of discretionary, commissioned and temporary positions in relation to the total number of formal jobs increases the probability of reelection of a party or a candidate for the municipal executive, but, apparently, it does not influence the number of candidates or the concentration of votes.
The present study explored political competition in Brazilian municipalities where the proportion of public jobs in relation to private jobs is remarkably high, often linked to patronage practices. In these municipalities, the formal job market is often dominated by the public sector and positions are used as a reward for political support (Weingrod, 1968). The union of these two factors leads to unique challenges for political competition, implying significant consequences for the dynamics of local democracy. In this context, the main objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the predominance of public jobs and political competition in Brazilian municipalities, with particular attention to patronage practices and their implications for governance and local democracy. To this end, the econometric methodology was adopted. The use of dummy variables enabled effective categorization of municipalities, based on the proportion of public employment, improving the analytical precision of the models. The analysis of these dynamics suggested an intrinsic relationship between the control of public jobs in municipalities with poorly developed private markets and the limitation of political competition, showing that a greater proportion of discretionary, commissioned and temporary positions in relation to the total number of formal jobs increases the probability of reelection of a party or a candidate for the municipal executive, but, apparently, it does not influence the number of candidates or the concentration of votes.
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Português