O efeito da eleição de prefeitos de ideologias políticas distintas no crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico dos municípios
N/D
Autores
Souza, Victoria Saraiva de
Orientador
Teixeira, Adriano Dutra
Co-orientadores
Citações na Scopus
Tipo de documento
Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso
Data
2024
Resumo
Este estudo analisa como a ideologia política dos prefeitos, representada entre direita e esquerda, impacta o crescimento e o desenvolvimento econômico dos municípios brasileiros. Para a fundamentação teórica, primeiramente é explorado o comportamento e as motivações dos políticos, que são abordadas por diversas teorias, sendo as principais: o teorema do eleitor mediano, modelo de Tiebout, procura de satisfação de preferências pessoais (candidatos policy-motivated) e de se eleger (candidatos office-motivated). Dado o modelo-base em que os candidatos são tanto policy-motivated quanto office-motivated, desenvolve-se a hipótese de que prefeitos de esquerda procuram beneficiar pessoas de baixa renda, o que faz com que este seja mais focado desenvolvimento econômico, enquanto prefeitos de direita atuam em políticas pró população afluente, de modo a gerar uma melhora do crescimento da economia. Para análise dessas hipóteses, foram usados dados de Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), índice FIRJAN e gastos públicos. O período de estudo será referente às eleições apertadas entre direita e esquerda de 2004 a 2016, de forma a ser observada a diferença das variáveis entre o início e o final de cada mandato, por meio da metodologia de Regressão Descontínua (RDD) Sharp. As evidências encontradas foram parcialmente favoráveis às hipóteses levantadas, de modo que prefeitos de esquerda obtiveram, em média, gastos per capita de educação e cultura R$ 146,34 maiores do que os prefeitos de direita obtiveram, ambos em eleições apertadas. Enquanto isso, estimou-se que prefeitos de direita aumentaram o PIB per capita, em média, R$ 1,48 a mais do que prefeitos de esquerda, sendo essa diferença encontrada na agropecuária e no setor de serviços.
This study examines how mayors' political ideology, represented on a spectrum from left-wing to right-wing, affects the economic growth and development of Brazilian municipalities. For the theoretical foundation, the behavior and motivations of politicians are first explored with reference to various theories, the main ones being the median voter theorem, the Tiebout model, the satisfaction of personal preferences (policy-motivated candidates), and the pursuit of electoral success (office-motivated candidates). Based on a foundational model in which candidates are both policy-motivated and office-motivated, the hypothesis developed is that left-wing mayors tend to focus on benefiting low-income individuals, emphasizing efforts on economic development, while right-wing mayors implement policies favoring affluent populations, focusing on overall economic growth. For the analysis of these hypotheses, data on Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the FIRJAN Index, and public expenditures were used. The study period focuses on close elections between left-wing and right-wing candidates from 2004 to 2016, allowing for an examination of differences in these variables between the beginning and end of each term using the Sharp Regression Discontinuity (RDD) methodology. The evidence found was partially supportive of the hypotheses proposed, indicating that left-wing mayors, on average, allocated R$ 146.34 more in per capita expenditures on education and culture than right-wing mayors in close elections. Meanwhile, right-wing mayors demonstrated an average increase of R$ 1.48 more in per capita GDP compared to their left-wing counterparts, with this difference primarily observed in the agriculture and services sectors.
This study examines how mayors' political ideology, represented on a spectrum from left-wing to right-wing, affects the economic growth and development of Brazilian municipalities. For the theoretical foundation, the behavior and motivations of politicians are first explored with reference to various theories, the main ones being the median voter theorem, the Tiebout model, the satisfaction of personal preferences (policy-motivated candidates), and the pursuit of electoral success (office-motivated candidates). Based on a foundational model in which candidates are both policy-motivated and office-motivated, the hypothesis developed is that left-wing mayors tend to focus on benefiting low-income individuals, emphasizing efforts on economic development, while right-wing mayors implement policies favoring affluent populations, focusing on overall economic growth. For the analysis of these hypotheses, data on Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the FIRJAN Index, and public expenditures were used. The study period focuses on close elections between left-wing and right-wing candidates from 2004 to 2016, allowing for an examination of differences in these variables between the beginning and end of each term using the Sharp Regression Discontinuity (RDD) methodology. The evidence found was partially supportive of the hypotheses proposed, indicating that left-wing mayors, on average, allocated R$ 146.34 more in per capita expenditures on education and culture than right-wing mayors in close elections. Meanwhile, right-wing mayors demonstrated an average increase of R$ 1.48 more in per capita GDP compared to their left-wing counterparts, with this difference primarily observed in the agriculture and services sectors.
Palavras-chave
Ideologia; desenvolvimento; política; municípios; crescimento econômico; Ideology; development; politics; municipalities; inequality; economic growth
Titulo de periódico
URL da fonte
Título de Livro
URL na Scopus
Idioma
Português
Notas
Membros da banca
Teixeira, Adriano Dutra
Viaro, Arthur Augusto
Área do Conhecimento CNPQ
CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS
CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA
CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA