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Dados de alvarás de licenciamento: desafios e potencialidades da construção de uma base de dados pública sobre novas edificações residenciais na cidade de São Paulo
(2023) Alves, Evandro Luis; Silva, Joyce Reis Ferreira da; ADRIANO BORGES FERREIRA DA COSTA
Subway expansion and the rise in the spatial disparity of consumer amenities
(2021) Sonnenschein, Tabea; Zheng, Siqi; ADRIANO BORGES FERREIRA DA COSTA
In this paper, we investigate how subway expansions have impacted the geographic concentration of consumer amenities within four global cities, namely Santiago, Singapore, Barcelona and São Paulo. Thereby, we delve into which neighborhoods benefit more and which suffer deficits from improved subway connectivity and their associated impacts upon local vibrancy. We found that originally vibrant communities in terms of consumer amenities benefit more than non-vibrant ones in terms of the attraction of new restaurants and shops. Further, we look into which accessibility destinations promoted by the subway expansion (e.g., accessibility to
high-skill jobs or to affluents neighborhoods) result in the most significant effects. We show evidence that agglomeration economies are a relevant location driver mechanism that mediates the impact of accessibility improvements on the attraction of consumption activities. We also found to be evident that purchasing power of both workers and households matters as a marketaccess amenities location driver. Intra-city spatial concentration of economic activities, including consumption affairs, has been recognized as a longstanding urban phenomenon with implications on different dimensions within the urban planning domain. We discuss how much subway expansion increase or decrease such a spatial disparity of urban opportunities within the urban space.
Subway expansion, job accessibility improvements, and home value appreciation in four global cities: Considering both local and network effects
(2022) Adriano Borges Costa; ADRIANO BORGES FERREIRA DA COSTA; Ramos, Camila; Zheng, Siqi
We explore the potential of incorporating accessibility
analysis in addressing the impact of subway expansions on the real estate
market. We first demonstrate that by using increases in accessibility to
jobs as a continuous treatment variable, rather than adopting a binary
station dummy approach, we achieve better goodness-of-fit in a quasiexperimental econometric analysis. Furthermore, accessibility measures
allow the exploration of impacts beyond the local effects around new
subway stations, shedding light on a network impact that has been
largely overlooked to date. To increase the external validity of our
findings, we apply the same analysis to the cities of Santiago (Chile), Sao
Paulo (Brazil), Singapore, and Barcelona (Spain). and then explore the
emergent patterns. We argue that the integration of urban economics
and transportation analysis via the use of accessibility measures
constitutes an innovation in the empirical approach commonly adopted
in the literature. The use of such measures in causal empirical studies on
transportation impacts can yield more robust and comprehensive results
and capture nuanced spatial heterogeneity effects.
Exploring the causal effects of the built environment on travel behavior: a unique randomized experiment in Shanghai
(2022) Chen, Faan; ADRIANO BORGES FERREIRA DA COSTA
Experimental designs have been recognized as the gold standard for establishing causal mechanisms. However, the application of such designs is complicated by factors such as excessive costs, time consumption, ethical concerns, and political impossibility. Nevertheless, the Chinese government’s replacement housing efforts provide a unique randomized experiment for exploring the causal effects of the built environment on travel behavior. Accordingly, based on a large-scale survey on travel patterns under an experimental design in Shanghai, this study employs a two-step modeling approach, involving logit and Tobit models, to identify the built environment’s effects on auto ownership and vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT). We found that transit service improvements play a stronger role in reducing auto-drive than compact and diverse land-use characteristics. Increasing residential and employment density, as well as land-use mix, discourages car ownership, which in turn reduces VKT, but with lower elasticities than transportation system variables. The findings provide additional evidence and referential estimate for how land-use and transport strategies and policies designed to create a compact, mixed-use, and highly accessible built environment can be used in reducing auto driving. This study expands the VKT reduction elasticities’ database regarding the built environment across global spatial contexts, serving as a model for similar studies elsewhere in the world.