Coleção de Artigos Acadêmicos
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.insper.edu.br/handle/11224/3227
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Artigo Científico Environmental enforcement, property rights, and violence: evidence from the Brazilian Amazon(2024) Oliveira, Gustavo Magalhães de; BRUNO VARELLA MIRANDAConflicts over resources with poorly defined property rights have fuelled both deforestation and violence in the Brazilian Amazon. However, what happens when the State enhances its ability to monitor and enforce existing environmental laws? We study the case of the list of Municípios Prioritários, a policy that allocates additional resources to verify compliance with environmental laws in municipalities with high deforestation rates. Employing a difference-in-differences approach, our findings suggest that an improvement in the ability of the State to monitor and enforce environmental laws can reduce conflicts over the appropriation of value from resources with poorly defined property rights. Consistent with existing studies, we also find that the policy led to a reduction in deforestation rates in the Brazilian Amazon. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the current approach to curb violence in a region where the activity of mafias has considerably grown since the turn of the twenty-first century.Artigo Científico Voting with the wallet: a principal-agent framework for the analysis of sustainable supply chains(2024) BRUNO VARELLA MIRANDA; GUILHERME FOWLER DE AVILA MONTEIRO; Oliveira, Gustavo Magalhães de; VINICIUS PICANÇO RODRIGUESPurpose – This paper aims to investigate delegation decisions in supply chains, exploring the metaphor that consumers who make environmentally and socially responsible choices are equivalent to voters in an election. Design/methodology/approach – This theoretical paper relies on the principles of agency theory to shed light on fundamental challenges that shape our ability to transform supply chains. Findings – This paper unravels two puzzles linked to delegation decisions within sustainable supply chains. It shows that as firms adopt sustainable production systems, their ability to convey relevant information that convinces consumers to enter in a delegation relationship diminishes, ceteris paribus; and once a delegation relationship is established, complementarity within the dimensions of the contract is necessary to guarantee the delivery of sustainability attributes. Research limitations/implications – The findings of this paper offer insights that can inspire empirical research on sustainable supply chain management. Practical implications – Policymakers and entrepreneurs willing to incentivize the transformation of supply chains must think about the nature of the relationship between firms and consumers. This paper provides a metaphor that can help practitioners to reinterpret their role as providers or consumers of products and services with sustainability attributes. Social implications – This paper provides insights that may enhance the understanding of how individual consumption decisions may contribute to transforming supply chains. Originality/value – This paper expands the repertoire of theoretical tools that can be applied to study the emergence and resilience of sustainable supply chains.- Access to fresh food in vulnerable urban areas: a classificatory study of slums and formal establishments in São Paulo(2024) ANDRÉ LUIS DE CASTRO MOURA DUARTE; VINICIUS PICANÇO RODRIGUES; Alves, Raquel Carolinne Freitas; Oliveira, Gustavo Magalhães deThe environment significantly influences individuals’ food choices. Vulnerable urban areas, such as favelas, can have a decisive impact on discouraging the consumption of fresh, nutritionally rich foods. This issue is exacerbated by the urban infrastructure required to deliver fresh foods to these locations. Therefore, it is essential to understand the context of the favelas in the municipality of São Paulo in terms of the food environment and infrastructure to support the design of public policies that enhance the presence of minimally processed foods in these areas. We applied the k-means clustering method to two datasets: the food environment of favelas, characterized by food establishments, and the urban infrastructure of the favelas in the municipality of São Paulo. Of the city’s 1,701 favelas, only 271 have formally registered food establishments. Larger favelas with better urban infrastructure generally exhibited a food environment with greater access to fresh foods. The results suggest that investing in urban infrastructure can increase access to fresh foods in these areas. It is also necessary to consider local specificities to find effective solutions that increase the availability of minimally processed foods, thereby improving the population’s quality of life and health.
- Assessing the performance of voluntary environmental agreements under high monitoring costs: Evidence from the Brazilian Amazon(2023) BRUNO VARELLA MIRANDA; Oliveira, Gustavo Magalhães deVoluntary environmental arrangements generally coexist with State-based and private rules, creating a property rights system that legitimizes certain behaviors. In a world of positive transaction costs, legitimacy ensues from imperfect monitoring activities, opening room for opportunism. In this paper, we discuss how the existence of multiple rules in a scenario of high monitoring costs affects the performance of an environmental policy. We discuss the case of deferred prosecution agreements (TAC, acronym in Portuguese), which are voluntary arrangements designed with the goal of incentivizing slaughterhouses to monitor the environmental practices of ranchers in the Brazilian Amazon. More specifically, we study how the signature of a TAC agreement affects deforestation rates in the Brazilian Amazônia Legal region at the municipality level. This paper adopts a difference-in-differences approach to analyze a sample of Brazilian municipalities between 2006 and 2017. Our results, which remain robust across alternative estimators and subsamples, show that the signature of a TAC agreement increases deforestation rates by 0.2 standard deviations. We argue that the signature of a TAC agreement, by creating an imperfect proxy for “good behavior” that enables both compliant and non-compliant organizations to access credit, may incentivize deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon.
- Opening the “black box” of food safety policy implementation: the efficiency-enhancing role of a private meso-institution(2023) Oliveira, Gustavo Magalhães de; BRUNO VARELLA MIRANDA; Saes, Maria Sylvia Macchione; Martino, GaetanoThere is continuing interest in how rules created at the “institutional environment” level influence the perfor mance of food safety policies. The influence of institutional rules on the behavior of farms and firms may vary widely depending on how strongly incentives reach potential users. This article assesses how the creation of a private meso-institution (i.e., Conseleite) affects the implementation of food safety guidelines in the Brazilian dairy industry. We use a dataset that has laboratory analyses of milk from 18 out of the 27 Brazilian states over a period that goes from 2006 to 2014. We show that the creation of Conseleite has led to an increased effectiveness of implementation of the Normative Instruction 51, which sets indicators and basic parameters of milk quality in Brazil. Specifically, the creation of Conseleite in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul led to a decrease in the low-quality index related to the bacterial contamination of milk. In turn, we find that Conseleite played a limited role in raising the values of the high-quality milk index. Our conclusions highlight the fundamental role of meso institutions in bridging the gap between the “institutional environment” level and the “governance” level. This study sheds light on a potential policy implementation path for other developing and emerging countries in the dairy industry, which is marked by frequent food safety scandals.