Coleção de Artigos Acadêmicos

URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.insper.edu.br/handle/11224/3227

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Agora exibindo 1 - 10 de 28

Immigration and the path dependence of education: the case of German-speakers in São Paulo, Brazil (1840–1920)
(2018) Souza, Bruno Gabriel Witzel de
This article studies the path dependence of human capital accumulation in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It focuses on the impacts of German-speaking immigrants on education through three channels: their share of the population in the nineteenth century, their on-the-job skills, and the schools they founded. Using a new dataset based on almanacs from 1873 and 1888, these effects are evaluated for the nineteenth, early twentieth, and early twenty-first centuries. The article shows that the institutionalized demand for education of these immigrants, reflected by the establishment of schools, was their main contribution to the accumulation of human capital. The effect of German schools on educational levels required a period to mature and dissipated over time. Nevertheless, its influence was substantial at the beginning of the twentieth century, affecting enrolment levels in private and state schools, a result that suggests the existence of spillover and contagion effects. Moreover, current indicators for stocks and flows of human capital in São Paulo are strongly associated with their historical levels. At the same time, this path dependence is conditional on the type of school: while a positive persistence is found for the private system throughout the twentieth century, convergence occurred in state schools.
When and why are consumers willing to help for-profit companies in distress?
(2023) Barros, Lucia Salmonson Guimarães; Braga, Farah Diba Abrantes; Chammas, Cristiane; Costa Filho, Murilo
Companies facing financial difficulties have resorted to a novel type of appeal in their communications. Instead of promoting the benefits of their brands, they promote messages displaying the vulnerable condition they are in and ask for help. The current study examines the effectiveness of this appeal, which became more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors show that when companies are experiencing the threat of going out of business, the vulnerability appeal proves to be effective because of the elicitation of personal norms. For the approach to be effective, two conditions are necessary: The company’s vulnerability should come from an uncontrollable external force, and consumers should have at least some identification with the company.
How transgressor's moral identity leads to high-quality apologies: The positive effects of guilt
(2023) TATIANA IWAI; Carvalho, João Vinícius de França; Islam, Gazi
Comprehensive apologies are effective strategies to solve interpersonal conflict and promote reconciliation. However, transgressors tend to avoid providing comprehensive apologies because it is more threatening to do so. As a result, transgressors usually offer perfunctory apologies and hinder their own chances of being forgiven. Given the importance of promoting high-quality apologies, we investigate the role of moral identity in increasing apology comprehensiveness. Across three studies using a combination of experimental and correlational designs with autobiographical recall paradigm, we demonstrate that transgressors high in moral identity feel guiltier after committing a transgression. As a result, they offer more comprehensive apologies. Moreover, the effects of guilt on transgressors' apologizing are conditional on the perceived apology effectiveness. Guilt is particularly important to boost apology quality when perceived apology effectiveness is low. In such cases, guilt leads transgressors to make more reparative efforts towards reconciliation despite the low possibility of apology's acceptance.
When One Health Meets the United Nations Ocean Decade: Global Agendas as a Pathway to Promote Collaborative Interdisciplinary Research on Human-Nature Relationships
(2022) Masterson-Algar, Patricia; Jenkins, Stuart R.; Windle, Gill; Morris-Webb, Elisabeth; Takahashi, Camila K.; Burke, Trys; Rosa, Isabel; Martinez, Aline S.; Torres-Mattos, Emanuela B.; Taddei, Renzo; Morrison, Val; Kasten, Paula; Bryning, Lucy; Oliveira, Nara R. Cruz de; Gonçalves, Leandra R.; Skov, Martin W.; Beynon-Davies, Ceri; Bumbeer, Janaina; Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; Leão, Eliseth; Christofoletti, Ronaldo A.
Strong evidence shows that exposure and engagement with the natural world not only improve human wellbeing but can also help promote environmentally friendly behaviors. Human-nature relationships are at the heart of global agendas promoted by international organizations including the World Health Organization’s (WHO) “One Health” and the United Nations (UN) “Ocean Decade.” These agendas demand collaborative multisector interdisciplinary efforts at local, national, and global levels. However, while global agendas highlight global goals for a sustainable world, developing science that directly addresses these agendas from design through to delivery and outputs does not come without its challenges. In this article, we present the outcomes of international meetings between researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers from the United Kingdom and Brazil. We propose a model for interdisciplinary work under such global agendas, particularly the interface between One Health and the UN Ocean Decade and identify three priority research areas closely linked to each other: human-nature connection, conservation-human behavior, and implementation strategies (bringing stakeholders together). We also discuss a number of recommendations for moving forward
Exploring the causal efects of the built environment on travel behavior: a unique randomized experiment in Shanghai
(2022) Chen, Faan; Costa, Adriano Borges Ferreira da
Experimental designs have been recognized as the gold standard for establishing causal mechanisms. However, the application of such designs is complicated by factors such as excessive costs, time consumption, ethical concerns, and political impossibility. Nevertheless, the Chinese government’s replacement housing efforts provide a unique randomized experiment for exploring the causal effects of the built environment on travel behavior. Accordingly, based on a large-scale survey on travel patterns under an experimental design in Shanghai, this study employs a two-step modeling approach, involving logit and Tobit models, to identify the built environment’s effects on auto ownership and vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT). We found that transit service improvements play a stronger role in reducing auto-drive than compact and diverse land-use characteristics. Increasing residential and employment density, as well as land-use mix, discourages car ownership, which in turn reduces VKT, but with lower elasticities than transportation system variables. The findings provide additional evidence and referential estimate for how land-use and transport strategies and policies designed to create a compact, mixed-use, and highly accessible built environment can be used in reducing auto driving. This study expands the VKT reduction elasticities’ database regarding the built environment across global spatial contexts, serving as a model for similar studies elsewhere in the world.
Productivity-adjusted life years lost due to non-optimum temperatures in Brazil: A nationwide time-series study
(2023) Wen, Bo Wen; Ademi, Zanfina; Wu, Yao; Xu, Rongbin; Yu, Pei; Ye, Tingting; Coêlho, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio; Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; Guo, Yuming; Li, Shanshan
Non-optimal temperatures are associated with premature deaths globally. However, the evidence is limited in low- and middle-income countries, and the productivity losses due to non-optimal temperatures have not been quantified. We aimed to estimate the work-related impacts and economic losses attributable to non-optimal temperatures in Brazil. We collected daily mortality data from 510 immediate regions in Brazil during 2000 and 2019. A two-stage time-series analysis was applied to evaluate the association between non-optimum temperatures and the Productivity-Adjusted Life-Years (PALYs) lost. The temperature-PALYs association was fitted for each location in the first stage and then we applied meta-analyses to obtain the national estimations. The attributable fraction (AF) of PALY lost due to ambient temperatures and the corresponding economic costs were calculated for different subgroups of the working-age population. A total of 3,629,661 of PALYs lost were attributed to non-optimal temperatures during 2000–2019 in Brazil, corresponding to 2.90 % (95 % CI: 1.82 %, 3.95 %) of the total PALYs lost. Non-optimal temperatures have led to US$104.86 billion (95 % CI: 65.95, 142.70) of economic costs related to PALYs lost and the economic burden was more substantial in males and the population aged 15–44 years. Higher risks of extreme cold temperatures were observed in the South region in Brazil while extreme hot temperatures were observed in the Central West and Northeast regions. In conclusion, non-optimal temperatures are associated with considerable labour losses as well as economic costs in Brazil. Tailored policies and adaptation strategies should be proposed to mitigate the impacts of non-optimal temperatures on the labour supply in a changing climate.
The enhancing impact of friendship networks on sales managers’ performance
(2013) DANNY PIMENTEL CLARO; SILVIO ABRAHAO LABAN NETO; PRISCILA BORIN DE OLIVEIRA CLARO
The effect of social security, health, demography and technology on retirement
(2013) MARCELO RODRIGUES DOS SANTOS; Ferreira, Pedro Cavalcanti
Measuring the impact of donations at the Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) amid the COVID-19 pandemic
(2022) VINICIUS PICANÇO RODRIGUES; Cunha, Luiza Ribeiro Alves; Antunes, Bianca B. P.; Ceryno, Paula Santos; Leiras, Adriana
Analysis of national policies for Circular Economy transitions: Modelling and simulating the Brazilian industrial agreement for electrical and electronic equipment
(2022) Guzzo, Daniel; VINICIUS PICANÇO RODRIGUES; Pigosso, Daniela Cristina Antelmi; Mascarenhas, Janaina

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