Coleção de Artigos em Andamento [Working Papers]

URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.insper.edu.br/handle/11224/3233

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20212

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Idioma: search.filters.langiso.InglêsPalavra-chave: search.filters.subject.Brazil

Resultados da Pesquisa

Agora exibindo 1 - 2 de 2
  • N/D
    Working Paper
    Under pressure: women's leadership during the COVID-19 crisis
    (2021) Bruce, Raphael; Cavgias, Alexsandros; Meloni, Luis; Remígio, Mário
    In this paper, we study the effect of women's public leadership in times of crisis. More specifically, we use a regression discontinuity design in close mayoral races between male and female candidates to understand the impact of having a woman as a mayor during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. We provide evidence that municipalities under female leadership had fewer deaths and hospitalizations per 100 thousand inhabitants and enforced more non-pharmaceutical interventions (e.g., mask usage and prohibition of gatherings). We also show that these results are not due to measures taken before the pandemic or other observable mayoral characteristics such as education or political preferences. Finally, we provide evidence that these effects are stronger in municipalities where Brazil's far-right president, who publicly disavowed the importance of non-pharmaceutical interventions, had a higher vote share in the 2018 election. Overall, our findings provide credible causal evidence that female leaders outperformed male ones when dealing with a global policy issue. Moreover, our results also showcase the role local leaders can play in counteracting bad policies implemented by populist leaders at the national level.
  • N/D
    Working Paper
    Public investment and fiscal crisis in Brazil: finding culprits and solutions
    (2021) MARCO ANTONIO CESAR BONOMO; Frischtak, Cláudio R.; PAULO SERGIO OLIVEIRA RIBEIRO
    We investigate the relation between existing fiscal rules and investments in the context of a fiscal crisis in Brazil. We analyze existing fiscal rules at national and subnational levels, their enforcement, and proposed alternatives. Using narrative analysis, case studies, interviews, empirical estimation, and model simulations, we conclude that public investment is not closely related to fiscal rules in Brazil but is mainly determined by fiscal conditions both at national and subnational (state) levels. It is the steady increase of personnel expenditures in real terms that underlies the fiscal deterioration of the last decade, despite the existence of fiscal rules devised to prevent it. We argue that a constitutional rule limiting subnationals’ personnel expenditures to 50 percent of net revenues, triggering adjustment measures when reaching 47.5 percent, would be an effective instrument for subnational fiscal management, opening fiscal space for increasing investments. At the national level, despite the existence of several fiscal rules, the only effective fiscal anchor is the primary expenditure ceiling introduced in 2016, which has successfully curbed expenditures, including those of the judiciary and legislature.