Artigos Acadêmicos e Noticiosos
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.insper.edu.br/handle/11224/3226
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Artigo Científico Who gets the Better Deal in Marriage? Examining Racial Differences in Brazilian Marriage Market(2025) Duque, Daniel; França, Michael; Mendonca, MilenaThis paper studies women’ marriage market in Brazil, investigating socioeconomic disparities and their trends in marriage outcomes. Relying on nationally representative data from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) covering 2002 to 2024, we analyze the association between marital status and these variables, as well as patterns of assortative mating by examining the educational and productivity pairing within couples. The results indicate that higher educational attainment among women is associated with a greater likelihood of being married, but, after accounting for education and age, black and mixed-race women continue to exhibit lower marriage rates relative to white counterparts. The analysis also reveals a strong persistence of educational assortment among spouses, but black and mixed-race women have lower quality husbands, even with sociodemographic controls, with non-consistent trends towards more or less inequality. We also show that a similar pattern arises across parental education, with black women from highly educated parents having lower marriage outcomes. Together, these findings advance the understanding of how economic sorting in the marriage market can reinforce broader patterns of racial and educational inequality in Brazil.Artigo Científico Subway expansion, job accessibility improvements, and home value appreciation in four global cities: Considering both local and network effects(2022) Adriano Borges Costa; ADRIANO BORGES FERREIRA DA COSTA; Ramos, Camila; Zheng, SiqiWe explore the potential of incorporating accessibility analysis in addressing the impact of subway expansions on the real estate market. We first demonstrate that by using increases in accessibility to jobs as a continuous treatment variable, rather than adopting a binary station dummy approach, we achieve better goodness-of-fit in a quasiexperimental econometric analysis. Furthermore, accessibility measures allow the exploration of impacts beyond the local effects around new subway stations, shedding light on a network impact that has been largely overlooked to date. To increase the external validity of our findings, we apply the same analysis to the cities of Santiago (Chile), Sao Paulo (Brazil), Singapore, and Barcelona (Spain). and then explore the emergent patterns. We argue that the integration of urban economics and transportation analysis via the use of accessibility measures constitutes an innovation in the empirical approach commonly adopted in the literature. The use of such measures in causal empirical studies on transportation impacts can yield more robust and comprehensive results and capture nuanced spatial heterogeneity effects.Artigo Científico Exploring the causal effects of the built environment on travel behavior: a unique randomized experiment in Shanghai(2022) Chen, Faan; ADRIANO BORGES FERREIRA DA COSTAExperimental designs have been recognized as the gold standard for establishing causal mechanisms. However, the application of such designs is complicated by factors such as excessive costs, time consumption, ethical concerns, and political impossibility. Nevertheless, the Chinese government’s replacement housing efforts provide a unique randomized experiment for exploring the causal effects of the built environment on travel behavior. Accordingly, based on a large-scale survey on travel patterns under an experimental design in Shanghai, this study employs a two-step modeling approach, involving logit and Tobit models, to identify the built environment’s effects on auto ownership and vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT). We found that transit service improvements play a stronger role in reducing auto-drive than compact and diverse land-use characteristics. Increasing residential and employment density, as well as land-use mix, discourages car ownership, which in turn reduces VKT, but with lower elasticities than transportation system variables. The findings provide additional evidence and referential estimate for how land-use and transport strategies and policies designed to create a compact, mixed-use, and highly accessible built environment can be used in reducing auto driving. This study expands the VKT reduction elasticities’ database regarding the built environment across global spatial contexts, serving as a model for similar studies elsewhere in the world.Artigo Científico Rumo à COP30: a urgência de aterrissar e territorializar as negociações climáticas em Belém(2025) Jacobi, Pedro Roberto; Machado, Hannah Arcuschin; Broetto, Valeriana Augusta; Corradi, RodrigoA COP30, a realizar-se em novembro em Belém, é vista como um momento decisivo diante da emergência climática. Em um contexto global de retrocessos ambientais, intensificação de conflitos armados e deslocamentos forçados, o Brasil assume papel de liderança sob desafios internos e externos. O artigo discute o cenário político e climático que antecede a conferência, destacando os entraves nacionais, regionais e internacionais que ameaçam a efetividade das negociações. Argumenta-se que, embora a COP30 não resolva todas as crises, ela representa uma oportunidade crítica para avançar com mais ambição e justiça climática.Artigo Científico Indicadores e capacidades institucionais na interseção saúde-ambiente: o índice de saúde ambiental infantojuvenil como dispositivo de ação pública intersetorial(2025) Machado, Hannah Arcuschin; Menezes, Júlia Alves; Pedra, George Ulguim; Barros, Jocilene Dantas; Arcoverde, Gustavo Felipe Balué; Maluf Filho, Adalberto Felício; Guerra, Carlos Maurício da Fonseca; Ignotti, Eliane; Paula, Pedro do Carmo Baumgratz de; Moura, DaniloO artigo apresenta o Índice de Saúde Ambiental Infantojuvenil enquanto ferramenta estratégica para fortalecer as políticas públicas de saúde e meio ambiente no Brasil. Em um contexto de desigualdades territoriais e exposições ambientais que afetam desproporcionalmente crianças e adolescentes, o índice oferece indicadores organizados em três dimensões – Exposição, Contexto e Saúde – permitindo identificar vulnerabilidades e orientar políticas públicas mais equitativas e integradas para cada um dos 5.570 municípios brasileiros. Detalha-se o processo metodológico de construção do índice, fundamentado em referências nacionais e internacionais, e validado por especialistas através do método Delphi. O índice se destaca pela compilação de dados de diversas fontes e pelo potencial de uso por gestores públicos e sociedade civil. Além disso, representa um dispositivo institucional que amplia capacidades estatais e articulações intersetoriais. Conclui-se que a iniciativa contribui para o enfrentamento das desigualdades socioambientais, promovendo uma ação pública orientada à população infantojuvenil e baseada em evidências.Artigo Científico Antecipação de receitas e outras manobras têm custo elevado(2025) Mendes, MarcosArtigo Científico A privacidade e o mercado de dados pessoais(2016) Silveira, Sergio Amadeu; RODOLFO DA SILVA AVELINO; Souza, JoyceO artigo apresenta a estrutura e a dinâmica do mercado de dados pessoais. Mostra a dimensão econômica do dado pessoal para a economia da informação. Apresenta as quatro camadas do mercado de dados: a coleta e armazenamento de informações; o processamento e a mineração de dados; a análise e a formação de amostras; e a modulação. Essas camadas se articulam e se misturam dependendo da organização das empresas que integram esse mercado. O artigo mostra ainda os elementos do mercado de dados no Brasil a partir de entrevistas realizadas com seus operadores. Por fim, indica a relevância do direito à privacidade para impor limites às atividades da economia da interceptação de dados.Artigo Científico Beyond the Agreement: Dilemmas in Contracting for the Transfer of Management Practices(2022) SANDRO CABRAL; SERGIO GIOVANETTI LAZZARINI; Domingos, Fernando Deodato; RICARDO PAES DE BARROSArtigo Científico Identification of segregated regions in the functional brain connectome of autistic patients by a combination of fuzzy spectral clustering and entropy analysis(2016) Sato, João Ricardo; Balardin, Joana; MACIEL CALEBE VIDAL; André FujitaBackground: Several neuroimaging studies support the model of abnormal development of brain connectivity in patients with autism-spectrum disorders (ASD). In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis of reduced functional network segregation in autistic patients compared with controls. Methods: Functional MRI data from children acquired under a resting-state protocol (Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange [ABIDE]) were submitted to both fuzzy spectral clustering (FSC) with entropy analysis and graph modularity analysis. Results: We included data from 814 children in our analysis. We identified 5 regions of interest comprising the motor, temporal and occipito-temporal cortices with increased entropy (p < 0.05) in the clustering structure (i.e., more segregation in the controls). Moreover, we noticed a statistically reduced modularity (p < 0.001) in the autistic patients compared with the controls. Significantly reduced eigenvector centrality values (p < 0.05) in the patients were observed in the same regions that were identified in the FSC analysis. Limitations: There is considerable heterogeneity in the fMRI acquisition protocols among the sites that contributed to the ABIDE data set (e.g., scanner type, pulse sequence, duration of scan and resting-state protocol). Moreover, the sites differed in many variables related to sample characterization (e.g., age, IQ and ASD diagnostic criteria). Therefore, we cannot rule out the possibility that additional differences in functional network organization would be found in a more homogeneous data sample of individuals with ASD. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the organization of the whole-brain functional network in patients with ASD is different from that observed in controls, which implies a reduced modularity of the brain functional networks involved in sensorimotor, social, affective and cognitive processing.Artigo Científico A Statistical Method to Distinguish Functional Brain Networks(2017) Fujita, André; MACIEL CALEBE VIDAL; Takahashi, Daniel Y.One major problem in neuroscience is the comparison of functional brain networks of different populations, e.g., distinguishing the networks of controls and patients. Traditional algorithms are based on search for isomorphism between networks, assuming that they are deterministic. However, biological networks present randomness that cannot be well modeled by those algorithms. For instance, functional brain networks of distinct subjects of the same population can be different due to individual characteristics. Moreover, networks of subjects from different populations can be generated through the same stochastic process. Thus, a better hypothesis is that networks are generated by random processes. In this case, subjects from the same group are samples from the same random process, whereas subjects from different groups are generated by distinct processes. Using this idea, we developed a statistical test called ANOGVA to test whether two or more populations of graphs are generated by the same random graph model. Our simulations' results demonstrate that we can precisely control the rate of false positives and that the test is powerful to discriminate random graphs generated by different models and parameters. The method also showed to be robust for unbalanced data. As an example, we applied ANOGVA to an fMRI dataset composed of controls and patients diagnosed with autism or Asperger. ANOGVA identified the cerebellar functional sub-network as statistically different between controls and autism (p < 0.001).