Uma análise empírica do Saldo de Caderneta de Poupança do Brasil no período de 2006 a 2018: Como a condução da política monetária influenciou esse saldo?
N/D
Autores
Trevisan, Enzo Conde Resende
Orientador
Vieira, Heleno Piazentini
Co-orientadores
Citações na Scopus
Tipo de documento
Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso
Data
2024
Resumo
O presente trabalho se concentra em entender e explicar como a condução da política monetária no governo brasileiro dos anos de 2006 a 2018, um período de alta instabilidade econômica, afetou o saldo aplicado na caderneta de poupança e consequentemente fornecer uma ideia do impacto dessa política nas decisões de investimento das famílias. O escopo teórico parte da premissa que as famílias buscam suavizar seu consumo ao longo do tempo, e para tanto, tomam a decisão de poupar seu dinheiro – nesse trabalho representado por aplicar dinheiro na caderneta de poupança – através da situação econômica do país. Por exemplo, um aumento nas taxas de juros normalmente significaria um aumento do investimento em poupança, mas com a incerteza macroeconômica, esse efeito pode não ser tão claro. Para testar tal hipótese, foi abordada uma análise econométrica utilizando diversas variáveis macroeconômicas no contexto brasileiro, através de dados do IBGE, do IPEADATA e do Banco Central do Brasil, utilizando-se um modelo econométrico Vector Autoregressive (VAR) e um Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR), capazes de verificar as relações contemporâneas entre as variáveis influenciadas pela política monetária e o saldo aplicado em caderneta de poupança no período analisado. Assim, baseando-se na literatura econômica sobre a Poupança no Brasil, os resultados esperados são que a condução específica e diferenciada da política monetária no período tenha afetado a rentabilidade e o saldo aplicado no produto de investimento mais popular do país. Os resultados efetivos corroboram essa hipótese, onde mostram que um aumento da taxa de juros básica da economia refletia inicialmente uma diminuição, e logo depois um aumento do saldo aplicado em poupança, mas logo esse choque se dissipava, o que reflete a incerteza econômica dos agentes na época.
This study focuses on understanding and explaining the conduct of monetary policy by the Brazilian government from 2006 to 2016, a period of high economic instability, and how it affected the balance held in savings accounts, and consequently, provides an insight into the impact of this policy on household investment decisions. The theoretical framework assumes that families seek to smooth their consumption over time, and to this end, make the decision to save their money—represented in this study by placing money in savings accounts—based on the country's economic situation. For example, an increase in interest rates would typically mean an increase in savings investment, but with macroeconomic uncertainty, this effect might not be as clear. To test this hypothesis, an econometric analysis was conducted using various macroeconomic variables in the Brazilian context, with data from IBGE, IPEADATA, and the Central Bank of Brazil, using a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model and a Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) model, capable of verifying the contemporary relationships between variables influenced by monetary policy and the balance held in savings accounts during the analyzed period. Thus, based on the economic literature on Savings in Brazil, the expected results are that the specific and differentiated conduct of monetary policy during the period affected the profitability and the balance invested in the country’s most popular investment product. The actual results corroborate this hypothesis, showing that an increase in the basic interest rate of the economy initially reflected a decrease, and soon after an increase in the balance held in savings accounts, but soon this shock dissipated, reflecting the economic uncertainty of agents at the time.
This study focuses on understanding and explaining the conduct of monetary policy by the Brazilian government from 2006 to 2016, a period of high economic instability, and how it affected the balance held in savings accounts, and consequently, provides an insight into the impact of this policy on household investment decisions. The theoretical framework assumes that families seek to smooth their consumption over time, and to this end, make the decision to save their money—represented in this study by placing money in savings accounts—based on the country's economic situation. For example, an increase in interest rates would typically mean an increase in savings investment, but with macroeconomic uncertainty, this effect might not be as clear. To test this hypothesis, an econometric analysis was conducted using various macroeconomic variables in the Brazilian context, with data from IBGE, IPEADATA, and the Central Bank of Brazil, using a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model and a Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) model, capable of verifying the contemporary relationships between variables influenced by monetary policy and the balance held in savings accounts during the analyzed period. Thus, based on the economic literature on Savings in Brazil, the expected results are that the specific and differentiated conduct of monetary policy during the period affected the profitability and the balance invested in the country’s most popular investment product. The actual results corroborate this hypothesis, showing that an increase in the basic interest rate of the economy initially reflected a decrease, and soon after an increase in the balance held in savings accounts, but soon this shock dissipated, reflecting the economic uncertainty of agents at the time.
Palavras-chave
Poupança; Política Monetária; Governo Brasileiro; SVAR; Histórica Econômica do Brasil; Savings Account; Monetary Policy; Brazilian Government; SVAR; Brazilian Economic History
Titulo de periódico
URL da fonte
Título de Livro
URL na Scopus
Idioma
Português
Notas
Membros da banca
Vieira, Heleno Piazentini
Área do Conhecimento CNPQ
CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA