Entre a lei e os números: um estudo sobre casamento infantil e gravidez na adolescência no Brasil.
Autores
Faria, Felippe Furtunato de
Orientador
Co-orientadores
Citações na Scopus
Tipo de documento
Relatório de Iniciação Científica
Data
2025
Resumo
Casamento infantil, definido como a união formal ou informal em que pelo menos uma
das partes possui menos de 18 anos, permanece um desafio social e econômico no
Brasil, mesmo após reformas legislativas recentes. Em 2022, cartórios registraram
mais de 15 mil casamentos com menores, incluindo 260 envolvendo indivíduos com
menos de 16 anos. No mesmo período, ocorreram 143.786 nascimentos de mães
menores de 18 anos, dos quais 12.142 de meninas com 14 anos ou menos, grupo
para o qual a legislação presume violência sexual. Este projeto de pesquisa foi
desenvolvido para aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o casamento infantil e a gravidez
na adolescência no Brasil, visando a produção de subsídios para políticas públicas. A
metodologia adotada dividiu-se em duas frentes complementares: (i) uma análise do
arcabouço legal que regulamenta o casamento e a gravidez de menores de 18 anos;
e (ii) um estudo descritivo da prevalência de uniões formais e informais e da
maternidade precoce, fundamentado em dados do Registro Civil, da Pesquisa
Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) e do Sistema de Informações sobre
Nascidos Vivos (SINASC). A análise revelou que o perfil predominante das vítimas de
uniões precoces é de adolescentes do sexo feminino, autodeclaradas pretas ou
pardas, na faixa etária de 16 a 17 anos. Observou-se uma redução acentuada nos
casamentos civis envolvendo menores de 18 anos, bem como nos nascimentos
decorrentes dessas uniões. Contudo, é importante notar que essa tendência de queda
já era observada antes da reforma legislativa de 2019. Além disso, foram identificadas
disparidades regionais relevantes, indicando que o fenômeno não ocorre de maneira
uniforme no território nacional. Por fim, a persistência da subnotificação,
especialmente em uniões informais, representa um obstáculo significativo para a
mensuração precisa da magnitude do problema e para a avaliação da efetividade das
intervenções.
Child marriage, defined as a formal or informal union in which at least one party is under 18 years of age, remains a significant social and economic challenge in Brazil, despite recent legislative reforms. In 2022, registry offices recorded over 15,000 marriages involving minors, including 260 cases with individuals younger than 16. In the same year, 143,786 births were registered to mothers under 18, of which 12,142 were to girls aged 14 or younger, a group legally presumed to be victims of sexual violence. This research project was designed to deepen the understanding of child marriage and adolescent pregnancy in Brazil, with the aim of generating evidence based contributions to public policy. The methodology was structured in two complementary dimensions: (i) an analysis of the legal framework regulating marriage and pregnancy among minors; and (ii) a descriptive study of the prevalence of formal and informal unions and early motherhood, based on data from the Civil Registry, the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD), and the Live Birth Information System (SINASC). The analysis revealed that the predominant profile of victims of early unions is female adolescents, self-declared Black or Brown, aged 16 to 17. Results also showed a sharp decline in marriages involving minors under 18, accompanied by a proportional decrease in related births. However, this downward trend preceded the 2019 legislative reform. Moreover, significant regional disparities were identified, indicating that the phenomenon is not uniformly distributed across the country. Finally, persistent underreporting, particularly in informal unions, remains a major obstacle to accurately measuring the magnitude of the problem and assessing the effectiveness of legal and policy interventions.
Child marriage, defined as a formal or informal union in which at least one party is under 18 years of age, remains a significant social and economic challenge in Brazil, despite recent legislative reforms. In 2022, registry offices recorded over 15,000 marriages involving minors, including 260 cases with individuals younger than 16. In the same year, 143,786 births were registered to mothers under 18, of which 12,142 were to girls aged 14 or younger, a group legally presumed to be victims of sexual violence. This research project was designed to deepen the understanding of child marriage and adolescent pregnancy in Brazil, with the aim of generating evidence based contributions to public policy. The methodology was structured in two complementary dimensions: (i) an analysis of the legal framework regulating marriage and pregnancy among minors; and (ii) a descriptive study of the prevalence of formal and informal unions and early motherhood, based on data from the Civil Registry, the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD), and the Live Birth Information System (SINASC). The analysis revealed that the predominant profile of victims of early unions is female adolescents, self-declared Black or Brown, aged 16 to 17. Results also showed a sharp decline in marriages involving minors under 18, accompanied by a proportional decrease in related births. However, this downward trend preceded the 2019 legislative reform. Moreover, significant regional disparities were identified, indicating that the phenomenon is not uniformly distributed across the country. Finally, persistent underreporting, particularly in informal unions, remains a major obstacle to accurately measuring the magnitude of the problem and assessing the effectiveness of legal and policy interventions.
Palavras-chave
Casamento Infantil; Violência Sexual; Gravidez na Adolescência; Uniões formais e informais; Políticas Públicas; Child Marriage; Sexual Violence; Adolescent Pregnancy; Formal and Informal Unions; Public Policies
Titulo de periódico
URL da fonte
Título de Livro
URL na Scopus
Sinopse
Objetivos de aprendizagem
Idioma
Português
Notas
Membros da banca
Área do Conhecimento CNPQ
CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS
CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO
CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO
