Diferença do efeito gênero na tomada de decisão dos juízes entre casos criminais de leves a graves
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Yeung Luk-Tai, Luciana
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Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso
Data
2023
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Economistas discutem a importância do bom funcionamento do sistema judicial para
prosperidade econômica. Atualmente, aceita-se que as decisões dos juízes são
resultado de uma combinação de fatores, não apenas no que a lei diz “ipsis literis”.
Este trabalho tenta entender o quanto fatores exógenos (não apenas a própria
interpretação da lei) interferem na tomada de decisão dos juízes. De forma mais
ampla, queremos inferir se os impactos de gênero dos juízes, decisões judiciais e,
em caso afirmativo, qual o valor desse impacto. Mais especificamente, tentamos
entender se há diferença do “efeito gênero” nas decisões judiciais em casos de crimes
mais graves e menos graves em que a vítima é a mulher. Para testar empiricamente
nossas hipóteses, coletamos dados do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo
em Brasil (TJ-SP). A amostra é composta por casos reais julgados pelo Tribunal em
questões criminais. Nossa amostra consiste em 43.461 julgamentos de processos
criminais cometidos contra um ou mais pessoas. Criamos uma classificação de
diferentes graus de gravidade do crime, e classificamos todos os casos de acordo com
esses graus. Foi aplicado um modelo logit binário e encontramos que o efeito gênero
em casos que a mulher é vítima é verificado em casos com grau de gravidade menor.
Economist have long discussed the importance of well-functioning judicial system for economic prosperity. Currently, it is accepted that judges' decisions are the result of a combination of factors, not only on what the law states ipsis literis. This paper tries to understand how much exogenous factors (not only the interpretation of law itself) interfere on judges’ decision making. More broadly, we want to infer if the judges’ gender impacts judicial decisions and, if so, what is the value of this impact. More specifically, we try to understand whether there is any difference of the “gender effect” in judicial decisions in cases of more serious and less serious crimes where the victim is a woman. To empirically test our hypotheses, we collect data from the Court of Justice of the State of São Paulo in Brazil (TJ-SP). The sample is composed of actual cases judged by the court on criminal issues. Our sample consists of 43,461 judgments on criminal cases committed against one or more persons. We created a classification of different degrees of severity of crime and classified all cases according to these degrees. A binary logit model was applied. Up to now, preliminary results seem to corroborate some of our hypotheses. More precisely, gender of the judge, severity of the crime and the interaction between the two seem to have an impact on the chances of convicting the defendant. Furthermore, we find evidence of the “gender effect” and its impacts on a person's conviction.
Economist have long discussed the importance of well-functioning judicial system for economic prosperity. Currently, it is accepted that judges' decisions are the result of a combination of factors, not only on what the law states ipsis literis. This paper tries to understand how much exogenous factors (not only the interpretation of law itself) interfere on judges’ decision making. More broadly, we want to infer if the judges’ gender impacts judicial decisions and, if so, what is the value of this impact. More specifically, we try to understand whether there is any difference of the “gender effect” in judicial decisions in cases of more serious and less serious crimes where the victim is a woman. To empirically test our hypotheses, we collect data from the Court of Justice of the State of São Paulo in Brazil (TJ-SP). The sample is composed of actual cases judged by the court on criminal issues. Our sample consists of 43,461 judgments on criminal cases committed against one or more persons. We created a classification of different degrees of severity of crime and classified all cases according to these degrees. A binary logit model was applied. Up to now, preliminary results seem to corroborate some of our hypotheses. More precisely, gender of the judge, severity of the crime and the interaction between the two seem to have an impact on the chances of convicting the defendant. Furthermore, we find evidence of the “gender effect” and its impacts on a person's conviction.
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Yeung Luk-Tai, Luciana
Área do Conhecimento CNPQ
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