O papel dos custos políticos de transação na criação de falhas de governo
Autores
Cabral, Carlos Henrique Rolim
Orientador
Co-orientadores
Citações na Scopus
Tipo de documento
Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso
Data
2023
Resumo
O presente estudo busca entender qual a origem das chamadas falhas de governo, que impossibilitam a realização de melhoras de Pareto no âmbito político. Como ponto de partida, discute-se a dificuldade em concretizar uma reforma tributária no Brasil, tomando como exemplo específico a Proposta de Emenda Constitucional 45/2019. Na sequência, é apresentada a ideia de custos de transação no mercado político, sobretudo na relação entre cidadãos e políticos, aqui chamados de “custos políticos de transação”. Além da revisão da literatura relevante em áreas como a Nova Economia Institutional e a Public Choice, faz-se uma pequena formalização e extensão dos chamados custos políticos de transação. A principal conclusão é a de que o lobby, embora minimize os custos de transação de barganha entre cidadãos e políticos, ocorre de maneira desigual entre diferentes grupos de interesse. Finalmente, o presente trabalho oferece sugestões de melhora da falha de governo analisada, com foco na análise de mecanismos de refinamento das instituições políticas democráticas, quais sejam: (i) o refinamento dos mecanismos de transmissão das preferências; (ii) a criação de mecanismos de controle dos parlamentares; e (iii) o aumento da competição no mercado político.
The present study seeks to understand the origin of the so-called government failures, which hamper the achievement of Pareto improvements in the political sphere. As a starting point, the difficulty of implementing tax reform in Brazil is discussed, taking the Constitutional Amendment Proposal 45/2019 as a specific example. Next, the idea of transaction costs in the political market is presented, especially in the relationship between citizens and politicians, here called “political transaction costs”. In addition to reviewing relevant literature in areas such as New Institutional Economics and Public Choice, a small formalization and extension of the so-called political transaction costs is carried out. The main conclusion is that lobbying, although it minimizes the transaction costs of bargaining between citizens and politicians, occurs unevenly between different interest groups. Finally, the present work offers suggestions for improving the government failure analyzed, focusing on the analysis of mechanisms for refining democratic political institutions, namely: (i) the refinement of mechanisms for transmitting preferences; (ii) the creation of control mechanisms for parliamentarians; and (iii) increased competition in the political market
The present study seeks to understand the origin of the so-called government failures, which hamper the achievement of Pareto improvements in the political sphere. As a starting point, the difficulty of implementing tax reform in Brazil is discussed, taking the Constitutional Amendment Proposal 45/2019 as a specific example. Next, the idea of transaction costs in the political market is presented, especially in the relationship between citizens and politicians, here called “political transaction costs”. In addition to reviewing relevant literature in areas such as New Institutional Economics and Public Choice, a small formalization and extension of the so-called political transaction costs is carried out. The main conclusion is that lobbying, although it minimizes the transaction costs of bargaining between citizens and politicians, occurs unevenly between different interest groups. Finally, the present work offers suggestions for improving the government failure analyzed, focusing on the analysis of mechanisms for refining democratic political institutions, namely: (i) the refinement of mechanisms for transmitting preferences; (ii) the creation of control mechanisms for parliamentarians; and (iii) increased competition in the political market
Palavras-chave
Nova Economia Institucional; Public Choice; Falhas de Governo; Custos de Transação; Instituições Políticas; New Institutional Economy; Government Failures; Transaction Costs; Political Institutions
Titulo de periódico
Texto completo
Título de Livro
URL na Scopus
Sinopse
Objetivos de aprendizagem
Idioma
Português
Notas
Membros da banca
Consentino, Leandro
Área do Conhecimento CNPQ
CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA
