Efeitos heterogêneos imediatos da pandemia de Covid-19 na educação e trabalho de adolescentes-jovens no Brasil
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Teixeira, Adriano Dutra
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Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso
Data
2023
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Esta monografia visa fornecer evidências de quais são os efeitos imediatos da pandemia de
Covid-19 na educação e no mercado de trabalho de adolescentes-jovens (indivíduos na faixa de 14 a 17
anos de idade). Na parte teórica deste trabalho, considera-se um modelo microeconômico de acumulação
de capital humano aplicado ao mercado de trabalho de adolescentes-jovens que tem como elementos
cruciais: a função de produção de capital humano, a renda dos pais, bem como fatores domiciliares como
a educação dos pais. Esses são elementos-chave para entender o impacto teórico da pandemia nas
condições de oferta e demanda, o que influenciará a participação dos adolescentes-jovens na vida escolar
e no mercado de trabalho. Na parte empírica deste trabalho, foram coletados dados da PNAD Contínua
trimestral ao longo dos anos de 2019 e 2020 com intuito de observar um cenário anterior e durante a
pandemia que acompanhe os mesmos indivíduos ao longo do tempo. Para investigar este efeito
trabalhamos com uma metodologia de efeitos fixos em um painel de indivíduos a fim de medir quais os
efeitos heterogêneos da pandemia no mercado de trabalho destes jovens, comparativamente com os
trimestres dos anos anteriores. Os resultados indicam que a pandemia aumentou a probabilidade de o
adolescente-jovem não estar estudando e nem trabalhando (conhecido nesta literatura como NEM NEM). Esse efeito foi ainda maior nos domicílios que não há ninguém com ensino superior, o que
confirma a hipótese teórica elencada de que características domiciliares e a educação dos pais são fatores
importantes na acumulação de capital humano dos adolescentes-jovens.
This monograph aims to provide evidence of the immediate effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the education and labor market of young adolescents (individuals aged 14 to 17). In the theoretical part of this work, a microeconomic model of human capital accumulation applied to the labor market of young adolescents is considered, with crucial elements such as the human capital production function, parental income, and household factors like parental education. These are key elements for understanding the theoretical impact of the pandemic on supply and demand conditions, which will influence the participation of young adolescents in schooling and the labor market. In the empirical part of this work, data from the Quarterly Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD Contínua) were collected for the years 2019 and 2020, aiming to observe a pre-pandemic and during-pandemic scenario that follows the same individuals over time. To investigate this effect, a fixed-effect panel methodology of individuals was used to measure the heterogeneous effects of the pandemic on the labor market of these young individuals, compared to previous years' quarters. The results indicate that the pandemic increased the likelihood of the young adolescents neither studying nor working (known in this literature as NEET: Not in Education, Employment, or Training). This effect was even greater in households where no one has a college education, confirming the theoretical hypothesis that household characteristics and parental education are important factors in the accumulation of human capital for young adolescents.
This monograph aims to provide evidence of the immediate effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the education and labor market of young adolescents (individuals aged 14 to 17). In the theoretical part of this work, a microeconomic model of human capital accumulation applied to the labor market of young adolescents is considered, with crucial elements such as the human capital production function, parental income, and household factors like parental education. These are key elements for understanding the theoretical impact of the pandemic on supply and demand conditions, which will influence the participation of young adolescents in schooling and the labor market. In the empirical part of this work, data from the Quarterly Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD Contínua) were collected for the years 2019 and 2020, aiming to observe a pre-pandemic and during-pandemic scenario that follows the same individuals over time. To investigate this effect, a fixed-effect panel methodology of individuals was used to measure the heterogeneous effects of the pandemic on the labor market of these young individuals, compared to previous years' quarters. The results indicate that the pandemic increased the likelihood of the young adolescents neither studying nor working (known in this literature as NEET: Not in Education, Employment, or Training). This effect was even greater in households where no one has a college education, confirming the theoretical hypothesis that household characteristics and parental education are important factors in the accumulation of human capital for young adolescents.
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Teixeira, Adriano Dutra
Viaro, Arthur Augusto
Área do Conhecimento CNPQ
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