Ascensão, permanência e influência: O caso das líderes mulheres no Governo Federal Brasileiro
Autores
Carvalho, Marcela Garcia
Orientador
Co-orientadores
Citações na Scopus
Tipo de documento
Dissertação
Data
2025
Resumo
Nas últimas décadas, a participação feminina no mercado de trabalho e no setor público tem crescido, embora barreiras estruturais ainda limitem o acesso de mulheres, especialmente negras, aos cargos de alto escalão. No Executivo Federal brasileiro, apesar do aumento geral da presença feminina desde a redemocratização, essa tendência não se reproduz nos altos escalões. A interseccionalidade de gênero e raça agrava a sub-representação de mulheres negras, pardas e indígenas. A literatura sobre burocracia representativa destaca a importância de uma administração pública cuja composição reflita a diversidade da sociedade, porém se concentram majoritariamente nos burocratas de nível de rua. Já a literatura sobre lideranças, apresenta um potencial efeito cascata (trickle-down) da diversidade nos níveis mais altos de uma organização, nos demais níveis. Desse modo, a partir de dados disponibilizados pela Escola Nacional de Administração Pública (ENAP) e utilizando Modelos de Sobrevivência, Regressões Quantílicas, Logarítmicas e Múltiplas, este estudo analisa as dinâmicas de ascensão, permanência e influência de mulheres brancas e negras nos cargos alto escalão do Executivo Federal entre 2000 e 2023, avaliando se (i) mulheres, especialmente mulheres negras, têm menor probabilidade de chegar aos cargos de alto escalão; (ii) se elas demoram mais que os homens para alcançar essas posições; (iii) se elas permanecem nessas posições menos tempo que os homens; e (iv) se, ao alcançarem o alto escalão, são mais prováveis de promover a ascensão de outras mulheres. Os resultados sugerem que mulheres têm menor probabilidade de ascensão aos cargos do alto escalão, sendo as mulheres negras as mais afetadas, embora não haja diferenças estatisticamente significativas no tempo de promoção ou permanência entre as que alcançam o topo. Ainda, observou-se um efeito cascata positivo, sugerindo que lideranças femininas e negras contribuem para uma burocracia mais representativa.
In recent decades, women's participation in the labor market and in the public sector has increased, although structural barriers still limit women’s access—especially Black, ‘Parda’ (Brazilian racial classification system), and Indigenous women—to senior-level positions. Within the Brazilian Federal Executive branch, despite a general increase in female presence since redemocratization, this trend is not reflected in the upper echelons of leadership. The intersectionality of gender and race exceeds the underrepresentation of Black, ‘Parda’, and Indigenous women. The literature on Representative Bureaucracy highlights the importance of a Public Administration whose composition reflects the diversity of the society it serves, but it predominantly focuses on street-level bureaucrats. On the other hand, the leadership literature identifies a potential trickle-down effect of diversity in top-level positions influencing the composition of lower hierarchical levels. Drawing on data provided by the Brazilian National School of Public Administration (ENAP) and employing Survival Models, Quantile, Logarithmic, and Multiple Regressions, this study analyzes the dynamics of growth, permanence, and influence of White and Black women in senior positions within the Brazilian Federal Executive from 2000 to 2023. Specifically, it investigates whether (i) women—particularly Black women—have a lower probability of reaching top-level positions; (ii) whether they take longer than men to reach these positions; (iii) whether they remain in these roles for shorter periods than men; and (iv) whether, upon reaching top-level positions, they are more likely to promote the advancement of other women. The findings suggest that women have a lower probability of ascending to senior positions, with Black women being the most affected. However, no statistically significant differences were found in the time to promotion or length of stay among those who do reach the top. Additionally, a positive trickle-down effect was observed, indicating that female and Black leadership contributes to a more representative bureaucracy
In recent decades, women's participation in the labor market and in the public sector has increased, although structural barriers still limit women’s access—especially Black, ‘Parda’ (Brazilian racial classification system), and Indigenous women—to senior-level positions. Within the Brazilian Federal Executive branch, despite a general increase in female presence since redemocratization, this trend is not reflected in the upper echelons of leadership. The intersectionality of gender and race exceeds the underrepresentation of Black, ‘Parda’, and Indigenous women. The literature on Representative Bureaucracy highlights the importance of a Public Administration whose composition reflects the diversity of the society it serves, but it predominantly focuses on street-level bureaucrats. On the other hand, the leadership literature identifies a potential trickle-down effect of diversity in top-level positions influencing the composition of lower hierarchical levels. Drawing on data provided by the Brazilian National School of Public Administration (ENAP) and employing Survival Models, Quantile, Logarithmic, and Multiple Regressions, this study analyzes the dynamics of growth, permanence, and influence of White and Black women in senior positions within the Brazilian Federal Executive from 2000 to 2023. Specifically, it investigates whether (i) women—particularly Black women—have a lower probability of reaching top-level positions; (ii) whether they take longer than men to reach these positions; (iii) whether they remain in these roles for shorter periods than men; and (iv) whether, upon reaching top-level positions, they are more likely to promote the advancement of other women. The findings suggest that women have a lower probability of ascending to senior positions, with Black women being the most affected. However, no statistically significant differences were found in the time to promotion or length of stay among those who do reach the top. Additionally, a positive trickle-down effect was observed, indicating that female and Black leadership contributes to a more representative bureaucracy
Palavras-chave
Lideranças Públicas; Gestão de Pessoas; Burocracia Representativa; Gênero; Equidade; Public Leadership; Human Resources; Representative Bureaucracy; Gender; Equity
Titulo de periódico
URL da fonte
Título de Livro
URL na Scopus
Sinopse
Objetivos de aprendizagem
Idioma
Português
Notas
Possui sumário executivo
Membros da banca
Área do Conhecimento CNPQ
CIENCIAS HUMANAS::CIENCIA POLITICA
CIENCIAS HUMANAS::CIENCIA POLITICA::POLITICAS PUBLICAS
CIENCIAS HUMANAS
CIENCIAS HUMANAS::CIENCIA POLITICA::POLITICAS PUBLICAS
CIENCIAS HUMANAS