Artigos em Andamento [Working Paper]
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.insper.edu.br/handle/11224/3232
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13 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Working Paper Estimando os gastos privados com educação no brasil(2011) NAERCIO AQUINO MENEZES FILHO; Nuñez, Diana FeketeEste artigo estima, pela primeira vez na literatura, os gastos totais privados com educação no Brasil, utilizando os micro-dados de gastos das famílias brasileiras da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares para os anos de 2002/2003 e 2008/2009. Verificamos que as famílias brasileiras gastaram 1,9% do PIB com educação em 2002/03 e 1,3% em 2008/09. Uma comparação com outros países mostra que os gastos privados e públicos são maiores que a média dos países da OCDE. Os gastos com educação não estão relacionados com o desempenho escolar médio dos países, medido pelos últimos resultados do exame internacional PISAWorking Paper Educação, Salários e a Alocação de Trabalhadores entre Tarefas: Teoria e Evidências para o Brasil(2012) Fernandes, Reynaldo; NAERCIO AQUINO MENEZES FILHOEsse artigo constroi um modelo competitivo que relaciona os salários relativos e a alocação de trabalhadores com diferentes níveis de educação à demanda e oferta de competências, fornecendo evidências empíricas para o caso do Brasil. O modelo assume que todos os trabalhadores qualificados realizam tarefas complexas, que todos os trabalhadores não qualificados executam tarefas simples e que os intermediários podem fazer ambas. A distribuição dos trabalhadores intermediários nas tarefas é gerada endogenamente para maximizar o produto total da economia. O modelo é simulado empiricamente para a economia brasileira entre 1981-2009. Os resultados sugerem que houve um aumento na demanda relativa por trabalhadores qualificados nas tarefas complexas e pelos intermediários em tarefas simples. Sem esses choques de demanda, os salários relativos dos trabalhadores intermediários teriam se reduzido ainda mais e os dos trabalhadores qualificados teriam declinado nos últimos 30 anos.Working Paper Entry in School Markets: Theory and Evidence from Brazilian Municipalities(2012) NAERCIO AQUINO MENEZES FILHO; Moita, Rodrigo Menon Simões; Andrade, Eduardo de CarvalhoThis paper develops a theoretical model of private school entry and estimates it using data from Brazilian municipalities. The school market is different from other markets because students are both consumers and inputs in the production fuction of education. There is a benefit to study among good peers. The theoretical model predicts a segregated equilib rium where the better students attend the private schools, rendering these with a better (endogenous) quality than the public ones. Hence, a private institution only needs to attract the best local students to be better than the existing public schools. The model’s main prediction is that educa tional inequality induces entry. We use a panel data of private school entry in Brazilian municipalities between 1995 and 2000 to estimate an entry model. The econometric results confirm the main theoretical find ing: education inequality has a positive effect on entry. A higher degree of inequality increases the private schools’ ability to cream skim the best students. We also observe a decrease in the quality of the public schools, as measured by math and reading test scores, when a private school enters a town.Working Paper Inter-regional Wage Differentials with Individual Heterogeneity: Evidence from Brazil(2011) Freguglia, Ricardo da Silva; NAERCIO AQUINO MENEZES FILHOThis paper uses administrative data to follow Brazilian workers over time and examine what happens to the inter-regional wage differentials after controlling for unmeasured workers’ characteristics that are fixed over time. Since the data allow us to track the same workers over the years, we are in the unusual position of obtaining the individual wages before and after the migration process. As a significant share of workers changed States in the sample period, it is possible to examine to what extent the wage differentials reflect the concentration of high skilled individuals in some States. The results show that the overall wage variability across States drops to almost one third of its original value and the ranking of the State effects is significantly altered after we take into account the workers’ fixed effects. A great deal of the inter-regional differentials, therefore, reflects differences in the average ability of workers across States.Working Paper The Effects of Trade Liberalization on Productivity Growth in Brazil: Competition or Technology?(2010) Lisboa, Marcos de Barros; NAERCIO AQUINO MENEZES FILHO; Schor, AdrianaThis paper examines the effects of trade liberalization on productivity growth in Brazil. In contrast with the previous literature, we examine whether this relationship is driven by product or input market effects, by including both output and input tariffs in firm-level productivity regressions and allowing for imperfect competition in the product market. The results show that the reductions of input tariffs were more important to explain the productivity growth that took place during trade liberalization in Brazil. Lower input tariffs may allow firms to access foreign inputs with more advanced technology at lower prices. Moreover, we find that the reduction in input tariffs led to a rise in mark-ups, while the reduction in output tariffs did the opposite.Working Paper Os Determinantes dos Gastos com Educação no Brasil(2010) Curi, Andréa Zaitune; NAERCIO AQUINO MENEZES FILHOEste artigo examina os determinantes dos gastos com educação no Brasil. Estimamos modelos de escolha binária em que as famílias decidem por matricular ou não seus filhos em uma escola privada e modelos censurados para analisar o nível de gastos dessas famílias com educação. Para tanto, utilizamos os micro-dados das PNADs de 2001 a 2006 e da POF de 2002/2003. Concluímos que os principais determinantes da decisão familiar de matricular os filhos nas escolas privadas são a educação da mãe, a renda familiar, a oferta de escolas públicas, o custo da educação no estado e a região de moradia. Com relação ao valor gasto com mensalidades, seu maior determinante é a renda familiar per capita, sendo que a sensibilidade dos gastos às variações na renda é maior no ensino fundamental do que no ensino médio.Working Paper Opportunistic and Partisan Election Cycles in Brazil: New Evidence at the Municipal Level(2010) Sakurai, Sergio Naruhiko; NAERCIO AQUINO MENEZES FILHOThis article tests the hypothesis of opportunistic and partisan cycle models using a new large data set of Brazilian municipalities over the 1989-2005 period. The results show an increase in total and current expenditures and a decrease in municipal investments, local tax revenues and budget surplus in election years. They also show that partisan ideology exerts a relative influence on the performance of the local public accounts. These results confirm that both opportunistic and partisan cycles have occurred in the management of the budgets of Brazilian municipalities after the end of the military government.Working Paper Employment and Inequality of Outcomes in Brazil(2009) NAERCIO AQUINO MENEZES FILHO; Scorzafave, LuizAfter a couple of decades with very volatile macroeconomic conditions and high levels of inequality, growth in the new century in Brazil has been able to generate jobs at an increasing rate. This has led to a decline in unemployment and in informality, despite an increasing labour force participation rate. The increasing human capital accumulation, coupled with the amplification of conditional cash transfer programs, like Bolsa-Familia, has led to a steady fall in inequality, for the first time in decades. This evidence suggests that, after a period of adjustment to the trade liberalization and privatization reforms, Brazil has found a stable path of development. In order to continue in this positive path, despite the recent global economic crisis, Brazil has to continue expanding the education of its workforce, improve the Bolsa-Família program, so that the recipients can find a way out of poverty through participation in the labour market, and promote institutional reforms to speed up the process of creating new firms, reduce the tax burden levied on the small formal firms and speed up the labour market reforms to make the hiring of formal employees less expensive in Brazil.Working Paper Fiscal policy and reelection in Brazilian municipalities(2008) Sakurai, Sergio Naruhiko; NAERCIO AQUINO MENEZES FILHOThis paper uses a new panel of more than two thousand Brazilian municipalities over thirteen years to analyze the influence of public expenditures on the probability of mayors’ reelection. We examine Brazilian municipal elections from 1988 to 2000 using a logit fixed effects model. The results suggest that higher public expenditures executed during the whole political term increase the probability of reelection of Brazilian mayors. In particular, higher capital spending over the years preceding elections and current expenditures in election years are beneficial to Brazilian incumbent mayors.Working Paper A Relação entre Gastos Educacionais e Desempenho Escolar(2009) NAERCIO AQUINO MENEZES FILHO; Amaral, Luiz Felipe Leite Estanislau doO objetivo desse artigo é verificar se os gastos com educação aumentam o aprendizado dos alunos das 4ª e 8ª séries do ensino fundamental. Para medir os gastos com educação nós utilizamos as despesas com educação fundamental dos municípios brasileiros em 2005, ao passo que a proficiência é medida através do resultado médio dos alunos do município nos exames de Matemática e Língua Portuguesa na prova Brasil do mesmo ano. Verificamos que, após controlarmos pela escolaridade média da população do município, número de horas-aula, proporção de docentes com nível superior e pelas dummies de cada UF, que capturam características não observáveis possivelmente correlacionadas com desempenho e gastos, o efeito dos gastos sobre o desempenho é muito pequeno e estatisticamente insignificante na maioria das especificações. Além disso, por meio de regressões quantílicas, constatamos que a significância do efeito dos gastos sobre o desempenho ocorre apenas para os municípios com notas mais altas na quarta série.