Working Papers
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.insper.edu.br/handle/11224/3232
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Working Paper Bank debit taxes: yield vs. disintermediation(2003) Kirilenko, Andrei; Summers, Victoria P.Working Paper Education and health: evaluating theories and evidence(2006) Cutler, David M.; Lleras-Muney, AdrianaThere is a large and persistent association between education and health. In this paper, we review what is known about this link. We first document the facts about the relationship between education and health. The education 'gradient' is found for both health behaviors and health status, though the former does not fully explain the latter. The effect of education increases with increasing years of education, with no evidence of a sheepskin effect. Nor are there differences between blacks and whites, or men and women. Gradients in behavior are biggest at young ages, and decline after age 50 or 60. We then consider differing reasons why education might be related to health. The obvious economic explanations - education is related to income or occupational choice - explain only a part of the education effect. We suggest that increasing levels of education lead to different thinking and decision-making patterns. The monetary value of the return to education in terms of health is perhaps half of the return to education on earnings, so policies that impact educational attainment could have a large effect on population health.Working Paper Estimando os gastos privados com educação no brasil(2011) NAERCIO AQUINO MENEZES FILHO; Nuñez, Diana FeketeEste artigo estima, pela primeira vez na literatura, os gastos totais privados com educação no Brasil, utilizando os micro-dados de gastos das famílias brasileiras da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares para os anos de 2002/2003 e 2008/2009. Verificamos que as famílias brasileiras gastaram 1,9% do PIB com educação em 2002/03 e 1,3% em 2008/09. Uma comparação com outros países mostra que os gastos privados e públicos são maiores que a média dos países da OCDE. Os gastos com educação não estão relacionados com o desempenho escolar médio dos países, medido pelos últimos resultados do exame internacional PISAWorking Paper Modelo Multi-Estado de Markov em Cartões de Crédito(2008) RINALDO ARTES; Régis, Daniel EvangelistaModelos multi-estado de Markov são utilizados na área médica para estimar as probabilidades de transição entre, por exemplo, vários estágios de uma doença, podendo o paciente recuperar-se ou morrer. O principal interesse deste trabalho é analisar a aplicação do modelo multiestado de Markov na área de risco associado ao uso de cartões de crédito, aproveitando as características de transições entre diversos estados de relacionamento entre os clientes e as instituições ao longo do tempo e, com isso, gerar modelos de escore para diversos fins. Modelos de regressão logística também são estimados a fim de comparar os resultados com os obtidos pelo modelo multi-estado de Markov.Working Paper A crise política de 2005: Causas estruturais e conjunturais que a explicam(2008) CARLOS ALBERTO FURTADO DE MELOWorking Paper The Use of Trade Credit by Firms: Evidence for Latin America(2011) Santos, Gisler Andre; Hsia Hua Sheng; ADRIANA BRUSCATO BORTOLUZZOTrade Credit (TC) is the short-term credit linked to the sale of goods given to the cliente by the supplier without any intermediary financial agent. This work aims to study whether TC is used as a substitute for bank credit in crisis periods in Latin America. The sample of this study was composed of firms listed on the Argentinian, Brazilian and Mexican stock exchanges from 1994 to 2009. Controlled by sector and size, the tests provide evidence of the substitution effect for these three countries firms in crisis periods. The results indicate that small firms of all sector substitute bank financing for TC in crisis periods. However, large Brazilian and Mexican firms do not finance with trade credit in crisis periods due to their better capability to get money from local and foreign capital market and better ability of generating cash internally.Working Paper Inter-regional Wage Differentials with Individual Heterogeneity: Evidence from Brazil(2011) Freguglia, Ricardo da Silva; NAERCIO AQUINO MENEZES FILHOThis paper uses administrative data to follow Brazilian workers over time and examine what happens to the inter-regional wage differentials after controlling for unmeasured workers’ characteristics that are fixed over time. Since the data allow us to track the same workers over the years, we are in the unusual position of obtaining the individual wages before and after the migration process. As a significant share of workers changed States in the sample period, it is possible to examine to what extent the wage differentials reflect the concentration of high skilled individuals in some States. The results show that the overall wage variability across States drops to almost one third of its original value and the ranking of the State effects is significantly altered after we take into account the workers’ fixed effects. A great deal of the inter-regional differentials, therefore, reflects differences in the average ability of workers across States.Working Paper Técnicas de diagnóstico aplicadas a modelos ZAIG e BEZI com dados em painel(2011) Venezuela, Maria Kelly; RINALDO ARTESSão consideradas, neste trabalho, distribuições inflacionadas que podem ser obtidas por meio da combinação de distribuições de Bernoulli e contínuas. Elas têm grande potencial de aplicabilidade na área financeira, principalmente, nas áreas de crédito e de seguros; na área médica, também se encontram exemplos que podem ser analisados por tais modelos. São discutidos problemas ligados a dados longitudinais em que as distribuições marginais são inflacionadas e a dependência entre as observações da mesma unidade experimental ´e tratada por meio de funções de estimação de independência segundo Liang e Zeger (1986). Ainda, são discutidos alguns métodos de diagnósticos usuais em modelos lineares generalizados. Por fim, são apresentadas aplicações a dados reais.Working Paper The Four-Sided Triangle of Ethics in Bioprospecting: Pharmaceutical Business, International Politics, Socio-Environmental Responsibility and the Importance of Local Stakeholders(2011) Islam, Gazi; Rose, Janna L.; Quave, Cassandra L.Bioprospecting, a vital step in the pharmaceutical production process, is also one of the most controversial and socially complex aspects in the pharmaceutical industry. The current conceptual paper reviews and theorizes this controversial sector by laying out the key elements of social, political and economic conflict involved in bioprospecting, from the point of view of the diverse stakeholders involved in this activity. First, we discuss the bioprospecting phenomenon as a high-risk, initial-stage research and development (R&D) activity that involves ethical, legal and economic uncertainties. After describing these uncertainties, we show how they are exacerbated by the unique cognitive frames that the main actors in this area – private companies, government actors, social and environmental activists, and local communities – use in framing the motives, norms, and rights surrounding bioprospecting. Juxtaposing actors in this way allows an opening for potential dialogue among the different stakeholders, and we follow our exposition by sketching a model for increased cooperation. Our model highlights the unique contributions of each actor, suggesting that a socially responsible form of natural resource use can promote both local and global benefits.Working Paper The Effects of Trade Liberalization on Productivity Growth in Brazil: Competition or Technology?(2010) Lisboa, Marcos de Barros; NAERCIO AQUINO MENEZES FILHO; Schor, AdrianaThis paper examines the effects of trade liberalization on productivity growth in Brazil. In contrast with the previous literature, we examine whether this relationship is driven by product or input market effects, by including both output and input tariffs in firm-level productivity regressions and allowing for imperfect competition in the product market. The results show that the reductions of input tariffs were more important to explain the productivity growth that took place during trade liberalization in Brazil. Lower input tariffs may allow firms to access foreign inputs with more advanced technology at lower prices. Moreover, we find that the reduction in input tariffs led to a rise in mark-ups, while the reduction in output tariffs did the opposite.