Working Papers
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.insper.edu.br/handle/11224/3232
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8 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Working Paper Occupy government: democracy and the dynamics of personnel decisions and public sector performance(2019) Ferreira, Fernando V; Barbosa, KlenioWe study the causes and consequences of patronage in Brazilian cities since the country’s re democratization. Our data consist of the universe of local public sector employees merged with their party affiliations, and a dynamic regression discontinuity design is applied to deal with the endogeneity of patronage. Elections have consequences for patronage, with winning political coalitions increasing their shares of public sector workers and wages by 3-4 percentage points during a mayoral term, and also occupying civil servant jobs to perform key service-oriented tasks in education and public health. This type of patronage accounts for more than half of the dramatic increase in public sector political employment since the Brazilian re-democratization. The political occupation of government jobs is not associated with ideology, though. Instead, lack of accountability and rent-seeking are the primary driving forces, while reliance on intergovernmental transfers only increases patronage for smaller cities. Finally, we estimate the long-term consequences of this political occupation for fiscal outcomes conditions and for the quality of education and health care services. More political occupation does not affect the size of local governments, but it changes the composition of expenditures and public workers: the hiring of politically connected workers crowds out, practically one-to-one, non-affiliated teachers and doctors. The increased political occupation in Brazilian cities resulted in negative long term outcomes for local citizens in the form of less years of formal schooling and higher mortality rates.Working Paper Reducing crime through environmental design: evidence from a randomized experiment of street lighting in New York City(2019) Chalfin, Aaron; Hansen, Benjamin; Lerner, Jason; Parker, LucieThis paper offers experimental evidence that crime can be successfully reduced by changing the situational environment that potential victims and offenders face. We focus on a ubiquitous but surprisingly understudied feature of the urban landscape – street lighting – and report the first experimental evidence on the effect of street lighting on crime. Through a unique public partnership in New York City, temporary streetlights were randomly allocated to public housing developments from March through August 2016. We find evidence that communities that were assigned more lighting experienced sizable reductions in crime. After accounting for potential spatial spillovers, we find that the provision of street lights led, at a minimum, to a 36 percent reduction in nighttime outdoor index crimes.Working Paper A macro-financial analysis of the corporate bond market(2018) Dewachter, Hans; Iania, Leonardo; Lemke, Wolfgang; Lyrio, Marco Túlio PereiraWe assess the contribution of economic and Önancial factors in the determination of euro area corporate bond spreads over the period 2001-2015. The proposed multi-market, no arbitrage a¢ ne term structure model is based on the methodology proposed by Dewachter, Iania, Lyrio, and Perea (2015). We model jointly the ërisk-free curveí, measured by overnight index swap (OIS) rates, and the corporate yield curves for two rating classes (A and BBB). The model includes four spanned and six unspanned factors. We Önd that, in general, both economic (real activity and ináation) and Önancial factors (proxying risk aversion, áight to liquidity and general Önancial market stress) play a signiÖcant role in the determination of the spanned factors and hence in the dynamics of the risk-free yield curve and corporate bond spreads. Across the risk-free OIS curve, macroeconomic and Önancial factors are each responsible on average for explaining 30 and 65 percent of yield varation, respectively. For A and BBB-rated corporate debt, the selected Önancial variables explain on average 50 percent of the variation in corporate spreads during the last decade.Working Paper Entrepreneurial governance in private equity investments: an emerging market perspective(2018) GUILHERME FOWLER DE AVILA MONTEIRO; ANDREA MARIA ACCIOLY FONSECA MINARDIWorking Paper Alocação ótima do gasto público por nível de ensino e crescimento de renda dos estados brasileiros(2018) EDUARDO CORREIA DE SOUZA; NAERCIO AQUINO MENEZES FILHONesse artigo, procuramos entender melhor a relação entre a alocação ótima dos investimentos em educação pelos estados brasileiros e o crescimento econômico desses estados, inspirados pelo modelo de Aghion et al (2005). Os resultados mostram que, embora os gastos educacionais não tenham impacto significante, a qualidade do ensino médio tem impacto positivo sobre o crescimento da renda para os estados brasileiros mais próximos à fronteira. Nossas estimativas indicam que os estados com renda relativa maior ou igual a 60,29% da fronteira melhorariam sua performance de crescimento ao realocar qualidade do ensino fundamental para o ensino médio.Working Paper Utility matters: Edmond Malinvaud and growth theory in the 1950s and 1960s(2018) Assaf, Matheus; PEDRO GARCIA DUARTEWorking Paper Violence and Growth in the Mexican Drug War(2019) Gorrín, Jesús; Morales-Arilla, José; BERNARDO DE OLIVEIRA GUERRA RICCAWorking Paper Mortalidade de empresas: o impacto do capital humano, capital social, práticas gerenciais e gênero do empreendedor(2018) RINALDO ARTES; Bertolami, Mariana Carvalho e Silva; Lazzarini, Sérgio Giovanetti; Hashimoto, Marcos; Gonçalves, Pedro JoãoNesse artigo analisa-se, a influência do capital humano do empreendedor, o seu capital social e a adoção de práticas gerenciais na sobrevivência das empresas em seus primeiros anos de atividade. De forma inédita, verifica-se como o efeito desses fatores varia de acordo com o gênero do empreendedor (masculino ou feminino). Usando uma base de 2.000 empresas cadastradas na Junta Comercial do Estado de São Paulo (Jucesp), entre 2003 e 2007, o presente estudo utilizou dois modelos econométricos para mensurar o efeito dessas variáveis na sobrevivência de empresas nascentes. Os resultados sugerem que a adoção de práticas gerenciais e alguns aspectos ligados ao capital humano do empreendedor podem favorecer a sobrevivência da empresa. O efeito de competências superiores e capital social foram maiores no caso de mulheres do que de homens. Uma explicação para esse resultado se deve ao fato de que as motivações individuais, comportamentos e papéis de homens e mulheres na sociedade são distintos. Empreendedoras mulheres, por exemplo, têm maiores barreiras para o crescimento, já que devem conciliar atividades domésticas com formação profissional.