Working Papers
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.insper.edu.br/handle/11224/3232
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4 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Working Paper Reducing crime through environmental design: evidence from a randomized experiment of street lighting in New York City(2019) Chalfin, Aaron; Hansen, Benjamin; Lerner, Jason; Parker, LucieThis paper offers experimental evidence that crime can be successfully reduced by changing the situational environment that potential victims and offenders face. We focus on a ubiquitous but surprisingly understudied feature of the urban landscape – street lighting – and report the first experimental evidence on the effect of street lighting on crime. Through a unique public partnership in New York City, temporary streetlights were randomly allocated to public housing developments from March through August 2016. We find evidence that communities that were assigned more lighting experienced sizable reductions in crime. After accounting for potential spatial spillovers, we find that the provision of street lights led, at a minimum, to a 36 percent reduction in nighttime outdoor index crimes.Working Paper Under pressure: women's leadership during the COVID-19 crisis(2021) Bruce, Raphael; Cavgias, Alexsandros; Meloni, Luis; Remígio, MárioIn this paper, we study the effect of women's public leadership in times of crisis. More specifically, we use a regression discontinuity design in close mayoral races between male and female candidates to understand the impact of having a woman as a mayor during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. We provide evidence that municipalities under female leadership had fewer deaths and hospitalizations per 100 thousand inhabitants and enforced more non-pharmaceutical interventions (e.g., mask usage and prohibition of gatherings). We also show that these results are not due to measures taken before the pandemic or other observable mayoral characteristics such as education or political preferences. Finally, we provide evidence that these effects are stronger in municipalities where Brazil's far-right president, who publicly disavowed the importance of non-pharmaceutical interventions, had a higher vote share in the 2018 election. Overall, our findings provide credible causal evidence that female leaders outperformed male ones when dealing with a global policy issue. Moreover, our results also showcase the role local leaders can play in counteracting bad policies implemented by populist leaders at the national level.Working Paper Political competition and the provision of early childhood education and care: evidence from Brazil(2022) Portella, Alysson Lorenzon; Tebaldi, RaquelThe objective of this paper is to investigate whether higher political competition induces the expansion of public early childhood education and care (ECEC) services using Brazil as a case study. Public ECEC services are provided mainly by Brazilian municipalities and although enrolment for children aged 0 to 3 is not mandatory, it has increased continuously in the last two decades, with large heterogeneity across municipalities. In addition, electoral rules in Brazil establishes a dual-ballot system only for municipalities with more than 200,000 registered voters. This provides an exogenous variation in political competition that enables us to evaluate its impact on ECEC provision through a regression discontinuity design. We find that average estimated municipal crèche net enrolment rates are around 3 percentage points larger in municipalities with the dual-ballot. ECEC expenditure levels are also higher in these municipalities.Working Paper Estudo da predisposição individual para compartilhar conhecimento gerencial: o contexto intraorganiacional de equipes de projeto(2016) CARLA SOFIA DIAS MOREIRA RAMOS; ADRIANA BRUSCATO BORTOLUZZO; Giovanini, Jislaine Rosa Santana; DANNY PIMENTEL CLAROO compartilhamento de conhecimento é, de acordo com uma visão da empresa baseada no conhecimento, uma atividade chave para garantir competitividade. Motivar os colaboradores a buscar esse compartilhamento é um desafio particularmente relevante para empresas que operam numa lógica equipes de projeto. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em identificar os fatores internos e externos ao individuo que influenciam a predisposição individual para o compartilhamento de conhecimento em ambiente intra-organizacional de equipes de projeto. Identificam-se quatro dimensões chave: a atitude e comportamento do indivíduo, a colegialidade entre membros de equipe, o apoio dado pelos gestores, e a centralidade na rede de relacionamentos do indivíduo. Dez hipóteses são propostas e testadas através de metodologia quantitativa, combinando análise de redes interpessoais e regressão econométrica. O fenómeno é estudado numa base de 121 participações individuais num total de 20 projetos realizados ao longo de dois anos na sucursal de uma empresa multinacional do setor de energia e automação industrial. Observou-se que os fatores que mais impacto têm sobre a predisposição individual para compartilhar conhecimento em equipes de projeto são de natureza tanto intrínseca como extrínseca ao indivíduo e que para além de um efeito direto sobre essa predisposição, se verídica na maioria dos casos também um efeito indireto. O estudo contribui para um melhor entendimento do compartilhamento de conhecimento em ambiente específico de equipes de projeto, permitindo ainda aos gestores uma promoção estratégica de mecanismos que estimulam a desejado fluidez do conhecimento entre membros de equipes de projeto.