O STF e as medidas para prevenção e tratamento da covid-19
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Autores
Wang, Daniel Wei Liang
Arruda, Ana Luiza Gajardonide Mattos
Oliveira, Bruno da Cunha de
Santos, Ezequiel Fajreldines dos
Moribe, Gabriela Tiemi
Heck, Leonardo Nochang
Pedro, Marcela Pereira
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2023
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O presente artigo analisa a jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) sobre políticas para prevenção e tratamento da covid-19. Com o auxílio da ciência de dados e da inteligência artificial, foi realizada a coleta sistemática e exaustiva da jurisprudência da Corte sobre esse assunto. As decisões coletadas foram organizadas e classificadas nos seguintes temas: distanciamento social; medidas diversas de combate à pandemia; uso de máscara; requisição administrativa; leitos de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI); vacinação; e acesso a dados. As decisões dentro de cada um desses temas foram analisadas para entender quais questões foram decididas pelo STF e como foram julgadas. A organização e a análise de 253 decisões nos permitem chegar, com nuances e detalhes, a algumas conclusões gerais sobre o papel da Corte em matéria de medidas para prevenção e tratamento da covid-19: parte significativa das decisões foi monocrática e em sede de liminar, o STF buscou proteger a capacidade de entes estaduais responderem à covid-19, foram manifestadas opiniões críticas à atuação do governo federal, em diversos casos houve explícita sobreposição entre questões formais de competência federativa e avaliações substantivas sobre a melhor política, e houve hesitação do STF em determinar a realização de medidas muito complexas para o combate à pandemia de covid-19.
This article analyses the case-law of the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court (STF) in relation to the policies for the prevention and treatment of Covid-19. With the support of data science and artificial intelligence, the STF´s decisions were systematically and exhaustively collected. These decisions were organized and classified into the following topics: social distancing, miscellaneous responses to Covid-19, face covering, requisition of private property, ICU beds, vaccination, and access to information. The organization and analysis of 253 judgments allow us to draw, with nuance and in detail, the following conclusions: an important share of the STF´s decisions was preliminary injunctions and made by a single Justice, the Court sought to protect the capacity of local governments to respond to the pandemic, some decisions show a critical attitude of the Court in relation to the federal government, in many cases there is an explicit overlap between the formal assessment of which federal entity (the federal government, state governments or municipal governments) has the authority to decide an issue and the substantive analysis of which policy should be implemented, and the STF has been hesitant to order complex measures for responding to the Covid-19 pandemic.
This article analyses the case-law of the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court (STF) in relation to the policies for the prevention and treatment of Covid-19. With the support of data science and artificial intelligence, the STF´s decisions were systematically and exhaustively collected. These decisions were organized and classified into the following topics: social distancing, miscellaneous responses to Covid-19, face covering, requisition of private property, ICU beds, vaccination, and access to information. The organization and analysis of 253 judgments allow us to draw, with nuance and in detail, the following conclusions: an important share of the STF´s decisions was preliminary injunctions and made by a single Justice, the Court sought to protect the capacity of local governments to respond to the pandemic, some decisions show a critical attitude of the Court in relation to the federal government, in many cases there is an explicit overlap between the formal assessment of which federal entity (the federal government, state governments or municipal governments) has the authority to decide an issue and the substantive analysis of which policy should be implemented, and the STF has been hesitant to order complex measures for responding to the Covid-19 pandemic.
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